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  3. It is a question that has vexed philosophers since the Greeks. But it seems we may now have the answer to the beguilingly simple

It is a question that has vexed philosophers since the Greeks. But it seems we may now have the answer to the beguilingly simple

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问题     It is a question that has vexed philosophers since the Greeks. But it seems we may now have the answer to the beguilingly simple question:"Which came first?" It’s the egg.
    This reassuring conclusion was the work of an expert panel【C1】______ a philosopher, geneticist and chicken farmer.
    "Whether chicken eggs【C2】______ chickens hinges on the nature of chicken eggs, " said panel member and philosopher of science David Papineau at King’s College London.
    "I would【C3】______ it’s a chicken egg if it has a chicken in it. If a kangaroo laid an egg【C4】______ which an ostrich hatched, that would surely be an ostrich egg, not a kangaroo egg. By this reasoning, the first chicken did indeed come from a chicken egg,【C5】______ that egg didn’t come from chickens. "
    The oldest recorded【C6】______ to the childish conundrum goes【C7】______ to a collection of essays and discussions by the Greek historian Mestrius Plutarchus, born in 46 AD. In a section【C8】______ "Whether the Hen or the Egg Came First", he suggested that the question was already well【C9】______ :"The problem about the egg and the hen, which of them came first, was dragged into our talk, a difficult problem which gives investigators much trouble. "
    Plutarchus also【C10】______ at the puzzle’s greater significance:"Sulla my comrade said that with a small problem, as with a tool, we were rocking loose a great and heavy one, that of the【C11】______ of the world. "
    Whether the panel【C12】______ that debate is not clear, but they were【C13】______ on the correct chicken/egg pecking order. John Brookfield, an evolutionary geneticist at the University of Nottingham said the【C14】______ involves piecing together the speciation event in which chickens first【C15】______
    He imagines two non-chicken parents getting together and giving【C16】______ to the first individual of a new【C17】______ because of a genetic mutation. "The first chicken must have differed from its【C18】______ by some genetic change, perhaps a very【C19】______ one, but one which caused this bird to be the first ever to【C20】______ our criteria for truly being a chicken, " said Professor Brookfield.
    "Thus the living organism inside the eggshell would have had the same DNA as the chicken that it would develop into, and thus would itself be a member of the species of chicken, " he added.
【C9】
选项 A、established
B、questioned
C、forced
D、grounded
答案A
解析 (establish确立)。
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