首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival
admin
2009-01-13
48
问题
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum had a mouscion, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)—had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant "Muses’ shrine".
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries—which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems—often antique engraved ones—as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.
At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not "collected" either, but "site-specific’, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them—and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation ,or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early" inspirational" collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary "modern" works were also added to such galleries.
In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of "improving" collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.
选项
A、the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the 15th century.
B、the meaning of the word had changed over the years.
C、the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.
D、princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.
答案
B
解析
这一句实际上是全文的中心句,意思为“museum一词的意义随着岁月的流逝发生了改变”,下文具体介绍改变的过程。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/vKSO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、ThetourismindustryisundergoingrestructuringinpartsoftheworldB、Itremainsthoroughlyfragmentedandwidelydistribut
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?
Whichofthefollowingindexrepresentssmall-companystocks?
ThemovieactorArnoldSchwargenegger,whoisrunningforgovernorofCalifornia,belongstotheconservativeDemocraticParty.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthenewbuilding?
Agoodmanyonlinedietaryinstructionsdonotrestonsolidscientificgrounds.
尽管出现了禽流感,鸡肉仍然是当今最受欢迎的肉类食品,原因如下:第一,鸡肉价格合理,人人皆可承受。第二,鸡肉吃法众多,比如,可以同通心粉汁或面条或汤一起煮。鸡肉烧、煮、炸皆可。最为重要的一点,即鸡肉营养价值很高。4盎司的鸡肉含有28克的蛋白质,几乎是人体每日
HowdidtheOlympicGamesstart?InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrong【C1】______.Originallyt
Transportationisthemovementorconveyingofpersonsandgoodsfromonelocationtoanother.Ashumanbeings,fromancienttim
ThePanoramaisnotthefirstmodelofNewYork.In1845E.PorterBelden,asavvylocalwhohadwrittenthebestcityguideof
随机试题
Let’sfaceit—therearelotsofreasonstohateMcDonald’s:calories,cholesteroland,formeatleast,thatsickeningfeelinga
近年多方面的证据提示过敏性紫癜的发病机制是
A、牛黄B、熊胆C、麝香D、人参E、蟾蜍约含8%胆汁酸的是
乙公司是一家上市公司,当前每股市价30元。市场上有两种以该股票为标的资产的期权:欧式看涨期权和欧式看跌期权。每份看涨期权可买入1股股票,每份看跌期权可卖出1股股票;看涨期权每份6元,看跌期权每份3元。两种期权执行价格均为28元,到期时间均为6个月,若不考虑
叶圣陶、郑振铎等都是江浙人,有着江浙知识分子特有的理性和宽容。他们像朱自清一样,都是新文学的热心鼓吹者,写得一手漂亮的白话散文。他们接受过五四新文化的洗礼,______,无论对中西之学,都采取平和的一视同仁态度。填入横线上最恰当的是()。
在非空________________中,左子树中结点的关键字都小于根结点的关键字,右子树中的关键字均大于根结点的关键字,且左、右子树也满足该要求。
Thefunctionofschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings______toteachyoutheartoflearning.
What’sthecauseifflashdoesn’tworkorrecharge?______isselected.
Dr.AlanHirschdesignssmellsforbusinesses.Hesaysthatitdoesn’ttakeawholelotofsmelltoaffectyou.Storeownerscan
Theveryhightemperaturesattainedinanuclearexplosionresultintheformationofanextremelyhotintensemassofgascalle
最新回复
(
0
)