首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their res
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their res
admin
2016-01-30
97
问题
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet — and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it — is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2, 000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1. 2 million articles each year in some 16, 000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed openaccess, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
Which of the following is true of the OECD report?
选项
A、It criticizes government-funded research.
B、It introduces an effective means of publication.
C、It upsets profit-making journal publishers.
D、It benefits scientific research considerably.
答案
C
解析
细节判断题。根据题干关键词OECD定位到原文第二段。第二段第四句中的heavy reading的表面意思为“费力的阅读”,但在这里heavy的本质意为hard to do or accomplish;arduous。字面的意思是,这个报告让获取巨大利润的出版商们读起来费劲。是他们的词汇量不够读不懂吗?当然不是,结合文章所述内容,是因为这个报告直指要害,触及了他们的利益。故答案为C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/uFGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
(北京大学2006年试题)LastyearFrenchdriverskilled【1】than5,000peopleontheroadsforthefirsttimeindecades.Creditgoesla
Icouldn’tsleeplastnightbecausethetapinthebathroomwas______.(中南大学2007年试题)
ThereisonelastquestionImustdealwithinthischapter.Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral?Anotherwayofputtingtheproble
Today,theTowerofLondonisoneofthemostpopulartourist【C1】______andattractsoverthreemillionvisitorsayear.Itw
Today,theTowerofLondonisoneofthemostpopulartourist【C1】______andattractsoverthreemillionvisitorsayear.Itw
Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegood
Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverear
InNovember1970YukioMishima,togetherwithsomeofhisfanaticalfollowersfromtheultranationalisticShieldSocietywhichh
各国文明的多样性,是人类社会的基本特征,也是推动世界文明进步的重要动力。当今世界拥有60亿人口,200多个国家和地区,2500多个民族,5000多种语言。由于历史传统、宗教信仰、文化背景、社会制度、价值观念和发展程度的不同,各国国家和地区才具有了各自鲜明的
Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared______bytheformermilitaryruler.
随机试题
人体组织CT值的比较,错误的是
A.乳痈B.肠痈C.肺痈D.疔毒E.大头瘟
工程量清单计量规则的作用有()。
在16PF测验中,人格因素的高分特征包括()
战国时期的风诡云谲之中,士争雄、国争霸的社会场景在历史上留下的画卷之繁复、之错综、之精彩、之生动,的确是罕见的。而提及战国,自然要提及名噪一时的乱世枭雄——“四君子”:齐之孟尝、赵之平原、魏之信陵、楚之春申。他们广养门客,苦心经营,倡合纵,拒强秦,确是做了
A、 B、 C、 D、 A每行前两个图形叠加,保留所有的线条(火柴),得到第三个图形。
工资:红利:收入
改正下列错别字鬼鬼崇崇(对外经济贸易大学2016)
(2011年真题)根据我国现行宪法规定,下列选项中属于国务院职权的是()。
Thebackgardenofourhousecontainsalawn,______verypleasanttositoninsummer.
最新回复
(
0
)