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  3. One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the pr

One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the pr

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问题 One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sampled in 1990 logged 10,870 kilometers(6,750 miles)of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In industrial countries, urban car use has tended to rise as population density has declined. US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, low-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtrip commute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers(11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars become essential while transit, bicycling, and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest levels of non-motorized transport.
As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries, where low car use is offset by poor signals and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each year—equivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per day—and injure many times more.
[Key Words]
log v. 把......记入航海(或飞行)transit n.运输，经过
jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机
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答案 衡量一个交通体系发达的尺度就是多样化的出行方式。美国的城市交通都是由一种方式主导：那就是私家车。抽样调查显示，美国城市中每个人在1990年全年平均有10 870公里(6 750英里)的行车里程，都可以绕北美旅行一圈多了。1980到1990年间，美国每个人开了2 000公里，几乎是加拿大人的两倍，加拿大也达到了另一个峰值。在工业国家，随着人口密度的减少，城市用车量也在上涨。美国的城市趋向于分散型、低密度发展。1983年到1990年，美国通勤的往返路程上涨了25％，达到了17公里(11英里)。由于城市在扩张，汽车就变得很有必要，而转车、骑行和步行显得很不实际。所以在亚洲和欧洲紧凑型的城市，交通非机动化水平也最高。 随着汽车使用数量的增加，与之相关的问题猛然上升。比如，车祸致死事件在增加。发展中国家却是例外，不过虽然在这些国家的城市汽车使用得比较少，但糟糕的交通信号和安全规定也造成了车祸频发。但是，美国社会高度依赖于汽车，甚至在人均交通设施上都远远超过了亚洲的发展中国家。交通事故在全世界每年造成885 000人死亡——相当于每天十起严重的喷气式客机坠毁事故，还有更多的人受伤。
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