首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Children’s fears come and go, but most children experience similar types of fears at approximately the same age. For toddlers,
Children’s fears come and go, but most children experience similar types of fears at approximately the same age. For toddlers,
admin
2013-01-20
64
问题
Children’s fears come and go, but most children experience similar types of fears at approximately the same age. For toddlers, the worst fears are often associated with separation and change. Toddlers want their own mommy, daddy, .spoon, chair, and bed. They are profoundly conservative little people. The most daring toddlers feel content if they can hold onto what they already know. Yet, children’s fears are a useful index of their development. Fear of strangers appears to be a consequence of their first specific attachment, and its ending is a sign that they have acquired a more inclusive schema of faces and people in general. A child who is afraid of cats but not of rabbits evidently can differentiate one small animal from another. Fear of a particular person implies recognition of that person. Parents can be of assistance, both in overcoming fears and in preventing their development. They can prepare a child through play, stories, and happy prognostications for dealing with new situations that might be overwhelming; give prompt and unstinted comfort after a frightening experience; and devise ways in which a child can be gently and gradually—not abruptly— encouraged to take another look at feared objects and situations. Avoidance of the feared object reinforces the fear, and the fear becomes increasingly intense. Children’s fears should be taken seriously, never ridiculed or dismissed as silly or babyish. Often, if the caregiver can get the child to explain exactly what it is that is so frightening, the bald can be reassured. The one thing not to do is to force children into confronting a feared situation before they are ready to do so.
Almost all children are afraid of something and, as with adults, these fears are often well- grounded. If we are in an open field during a thunderstorm, we probably have good reason to be afraid of lightning. But occasionally fear of something gets out of control and becomes a phobia. A phobia is an irrational fear of something. A child may be afraid of the dark and hesitate to go up the stairs alone at night. But when the child refuses to remain in a place where there is no light, such as the movies or bus or her bedroom, the fear is taking too great a toll on the child’s development. There are many different ways that phobias are treated in children. One of these techniques, commonly referred to as contact desensitization, is a behavioral technique designed to’ eliminate unnatural fears. This exact technique was used in one study with fifty snake-avoidant children ranging in age from three to nine years. To see which technique was most effective, the fifty children were divided into five groups:
A. Members of the "contact desensitization group" were told about snakes and how to approach them, were encouraged by an adult to approach a snake, were given praise when they tried, and watched one adult hold the snake.
B. The "contact desensitization without touch group" received all that group A did, but no one touched the snake.
C. The "verbal input plus modeling group" received verbal input and modeling (when the adult touched the snake).
D. The "verbal input only" received only verbal assurances from the adult.
E. Finally, one group of children received no treatment and, hence, was called the "no treatment group."
The researchers used something called the Behavior Avoidance Test to see if there was a reduction in avoidance of the snake. The results showed that 82 percent of the children in the contact desensitization group reduced their fear of snakes. Children in the other groups also reduced their fear, but not as dramatically.
Fears are something we all have to live with. When they get out of hand, a technique like the one we described here can be very useful in assisting a child through a difficult experience.
What is the meaning of the word "index" as it is used in Paragraph 1 of this selection?
选项
A、An indicator or measurement of something.
B、A list or catalog of information.
C、An object used to point or indicate.
D、A relation or ratio of one quantity to another.
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/ty2O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Manyskiers______aroundthefireanddrinkhotchocolateintheevenings.
______aresearchstudent,Iwouldatleastmastertwoforeignlanguages.
Manypuremetalshavelittleusebecausetheyaretoosoft,rusttooeasily,orhavesomeother______.
Hereissomeadviceonfoodshopping.The【1】familyspendsaboutone-sixthofitsincome【2】food.Becausefoodisexpensive,iti
Hereissomeadviceonfoodshopping.The【1】familyspendsaboutone-sixthofitsincome【2】food.Becausefoodisexpensive,iti
AlltherecentnewsonAIDSisbad.ThedeathofRockHudson【1】publicconcern-aboutthe【2】almosttothepointofpanic.Nowgen
AlltherecentnewsonAIDSisbad.ThedeathofRockHudson【1】publicconcern-aboutthe【2】almosttothepointofpanic.Nowgen
AlltherecentnewsonAIDSisbad.ThedeathofRockHudson【1】publicconcern-aboutthe【2】almosttothepointofpanic.Nowgen
Tohissupporters’dismay,Mr.Whitebecameratherhaughtyafterhewontheelection.
Experimentingwithhouseholdobjectscanoftengetyoungpeopleintrouble,butforoneintelligent,inquisitiveboy,itcreated
随机试题
区域货币一体化
论述张炎《解连环》(楚江空晚)一词的主旨和艺术特色。
女,31岁,右腕关节疼痛1个月,右腕桡侧有局限性压痛,Finkelstein试验阳性,诊断是女,50岁,右肩痛2个月,右肩局限性压痛,外展外旋、后伸活动受限,诊断是
动脉粥样硬化最早受累的血管是
(2013)一维常物性大平壁稳态无内热源导热过程中,当平壁厚度一定时,下列不正确的说法是()。
资产负债表日后事项如涉及现金收支项目,均不调整报告年度资产负债表的货币资金项目和现金流量表正表各项目数字。()
A公司信用条件为60天按全额付款,2016年1季度的销售额为380万元,2015年2~4季度的销售额分别为150万元、250万元和300万元。根据公司财务部一贯执行的收款政策,销售额的收款进度为销售当季度收款40%,次季度收款30%,第三个季度收款20%,
在一地游览时,有旅游者要求更换某一项目,对此,地陪的通常做法是:
聊城市的风物特产包括()。
书娟是海明公司的前台文秘,她的主要工作是管理各种档案,为总经理起草各种文件。新年将至,公司定于2013年2月5日下午2:00,在中关村海龙大厦办公大楼五层多功能厅举办一个联谊会,重要客人名录保存在名为“重要客户名录.docx”的Word文档中,公司联系电话
最新回复
(
0
)