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  3. New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the l

New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the l

admin2013-06-05  95
问题                 New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing
    It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2000 publishers world-wide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging: three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
According to the text, online publication is significant in that______.
选项 A、it provides an easier access to scientific results
B、it brings huge profits to scientific researchers
C、it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge
D、it facilitates public investment in scientific research
答案A
解析 事实细节题。根据题干中的online publication可知本题考查网络出版。除了第四段重点介绍不同的网络出版模式之外，在第二段的第二句提到The Internet…is making access to scientific results a reality(网络使得使用共享科研成果成为现实)，结合全文，此处的The Internet指的就是online publication，暗含了本题的答案A“它使获取科研成果更加便捷”。B中的brings huge profits只是对于出版商而言，文中没有提及科学研究者会获取什么利润。C和D是利用文章第三段首句中的The value of knowledge和the public investment in research所设置的干扰项。
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