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  3. It is abundantly clear that using a smartphone while driving is dangerous. When you call, text, check your favorite feed, check

It is abundantly clear that using a smartphone while driving is dangerous. When you call, text, check your favorite feed, check

admin2021-09-25  21
问题     It is abundantly clear that using a smartphone while driving is dangerous. When you call, text, check your favorite feed, check that game, do voicemail, or fumble for your phone,【B1】 ________  reaction time and distraction lead to【B2】 ________ lane change, tailgating, and increased risk of collision. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) notes that we take our eyes off the road for 5 seconds when we text—during which time the vehicle under our control travels the【B3】 ________ of a football field. It reports that distracted driving is【B4】 ________ in over 9 percent of fatal accidents, and 25 percent of accidents are associated with texting while driving.
    What causes people to use smartphones while driving? Personality traits are a critical, under-researched【B5】 ________ factor. Personality plays a role in how we observe an incident, determine risk-benefit , and【B6】 ________ how we make key decisions. Researchers recruited 273 survey participants from the ADAC (the German equivalent of the Automobile Association of America). Participants completed【B7】 ________ of Big Five personality traits, demographic variables (age, gender, educational level, etc.) and frequency of smartphone uses. The analysis showed three【B8】 ________ and statistically-independent personality profiles. Researchers【B9】 ________ and asked participants from each group what they thought might help them stop using smartphones while driving, anticipating that【B10】 ________  interventions to personality could be more effective.
    Non-Neurotic Driver. Less focused on risk and less diligent, while more interested in novelty and pleasing others (e. g. by returning a text), they are likelier to feel comfortable checking their phone and be【B11】 ________ to do so. Non-neurotic drivers said that better education about risks of smartphone use (e. g. in driving school) and【B12】 ________ showing how smartphone use negatively impacts driving would decrease smartphone use. However, law enforcement efforts, they said, including penalties, fines and license suspensions, might【B13】 ________  their rebellious behaviors.
    Extraverted-Open Driver. Being more social, wanting to share their feelings, and seeking intimate relationship, augmented by lower diligence, made them more likely to use smartphones without risk【B14】 ________ coming into play. Drivers in this group said that they were distracted by having a lot on their minds while driving. Tools helping self-decipline would potentially keep them off their phones. They also suggested that technology【B15】 ________ hand-free smartphone use, such as vehicle-based computer links, would reduce distraction.
    Conscientious Driver. While sharing some characteristics with other profiles, they were driven by scrupulousness, wanting to finish tasks and reply to work messages, augmented by neurotic concerns, leading them to finish up job tasks using smartphones while driving. These drivers reported that greater【B16】 ________  of risk would deter them, for example roadside warning signs. Such reminders could【B17】 ________ both conscientiousness to be a good driver and risk-awareness from neuroticism to help them make more conscious decisions in【B18】 ________ the insignificant benefit of phone use against the actual risk from distraction.
    Individuals who use smartphones while driving may【B19】 ________ themselves in one of the three profiles. To reduce the【B20】 ________ of distracted driving, the NHTSA suggests developing safe routines like stopping at a rest area to use the phone.
【B14】
选项 A、assessment
B、errors
C、comparison
D、data
答案A
解析 语义关系题。选项的意思分别为[A]“评估”；[B]“错误”；[C]“对比”； [D]“数据”。根据前后文可知，第二类司机更善于社交、想要分享感受、寻求建立亲密的关系、法律意识淡，而且需要帮助自律的工具才能更好地管控自己，由此可以推断这类司机往往不能合理地评估开车时使用手机的风险，因此答案选[A]。
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