2. 外语
  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual o

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual o

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【S1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【S2】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status【S3】______as a rejection of middle-class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also【S4】______crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are   【S5】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【S6】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【S7】______changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family【S8】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be a influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【S9】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【S10】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

A) resistant         B) structure      C) although       D) centering
E) discarding        F) lead           G) essence        H) response
I) experienced       J) commit         K) reference      L) incidence
M) cooperation       N) or             O) subject
【S1】
选项
答案D
解析 作者在文章不同地方使用相同或不同的词汇表达相同或类似的意思。文章第1段第1句和最后一句都含有短语focus on。根据上下文，选择它的近义短语center on。
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大学英语四级

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