2. 考研
  3. [A] People who deceive themselves also tend to be happier than people who do not. There are social profits, too: Studies have

[A] People who deceive themselves also tend to be happier than people who do not. There are social profits, too: Studies have

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问题     [A]   People who deceive themselves also tend to be happier than people who do not. There are social profits, too: Studies have shown that people who lie frequently are viewed as friendlier and more amiable than their more truthful counterparts. Still, lying is generally regarded as immoral and unpleasant. "No one likes being lied to," says former FBI agent and lying expert Joe Navarro. "We feel betrayed. When is it that they are telling the truth?" And people do really want to know the truth. A new Fox drama, Lie to Me, which features a steely British deception expert, has become one of the most popular shows on television.
    [B]   It has never been easy for people to sort out fact from fiction. Studies have shown that people can identify lies only about 50 percent of the time, or about the same as chance. To be sure, researchers have been able to figure out some clues to uncover deception. When people tell a significant lie, for instance, they typically gesture less and their arms may appear stiff. People telling lies also might have dilated pupils because they feel nervous about spinning an untruth.
    [C]   Researchers have been studying deception for decades, figuring out we tell lies for all sorts of reasons. We might want to gain a raise or a reward, for example, or to protect friends or a lover. Such constant lies might be a necessary social evil, and researchers have recently discovered that some small unimportant lies might actually be good for you. "We use lies to grease the wheels of social discourse," says psychologist Robert Feldman. "It’s socially useful to tell lies."
    [D]   Don’t feel bad. You’re in good, dishonest company. A research shows that people lie constantly, that deception is existing everywhere in everyday life. One study found that people tell two to three lies every 10 minutes, and even conservative estimates indicate that we lie at least once a day. Our capacity for deceit appears nearly endless, from adding untrue details to stories to wearing fake eyelashes to asking "How are you?" when we don’t actually care. We even lie to ourselves about how much food we eat and how often we visit the gym, but why do we spin facts and make up fictions?
    [E]   Small decorations can have positive psychological effects, experts say. Researchers found that college students who exaggerated their GPA in interviews later showed improvement in their grades. Their fiction, in other words, became self-fulfilling. "Exaggerators tend to be more confident and have higher goals for achievement," explains Richard Gramzow, a psychologist at the University of Southampton. "Positive biases about the self can be beneficial."
    [F]  Admit it: You’ve lied. You told a friend that his shirt looked stylish when you actually thought it was shabby. Or maybe you said to your boss that her presentations were fascinating when in fact they were mindless. Or perhaps you told your landlord that the rent check was in the mail.
    [G]   Even with these findings, there’s no surefire way to catch a liar. But someone with a known track record of lying is likely to pay a price. "Lies add up," says Feldman. "The more you know that someone is not telling you the truth, the less trustworthy they are. They’re just telling you stuff you want to hear, and you won’t listen to them anymore."
    【D11】→【D12】→【D13】→E→【D14】→【D15】→G
【D14】
选项
答案A
解析 本题在E之后。E提到了小谎可以带来积极的心理效果：自我实现、更自信、设立更高目标。而A开头便提到自我欺骗的人会更幸福、更友好和善，这同样是谎言的积极效用，两段逻辑联系紧密。而且，A首句的also说明A应在E之后。故本题选A。
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