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  3. For years, sports fanatics have turned to statistics to help them gauge the relative strength or weaknesses of different teams,

For years, sports fanatics have turned to statistics to help them gauge the relative strength or weaknesses of different teams,

admin2019-04-19  41
问题    For years, sports fanatics have turned to statistics to help them gauge the relative strength or weaknesses of different teams, though some have been more amenable to the process than others. Baseball and football, for example, seem to have a statistic for every action that occurs on the field of play, with different players ranked and rated by their numbers. International football, aka soccer on the other hand has generally defied such attempts due to their being far fewer things to measure with the sport and the continuity of play.
   That may change however, as mathematicians Javier Lopez Pena and Hugo Touchette of University College and Queen Mary University respectively, have applied network theory to the unique style of play of the European Championship 2012 victor, Spain. And as they describe in the paper they’ve uploaded to the preprint server arXiv, the graphic that results gives some clues as to why the team is considered one of the best of all time.
   Anyone who has watched the Spanish team knows that their style of play is different from other teams.It’s been given a name by fans: tiki-taka. It’s all about quick passes and exquisite teamwork. But trying to describe what the team does only leads to superlatives, which don’t really get to the heart of the matter. To help, Pena and Touchette turned to network theory, which makes sense, because soccer is played as a network of teammates working efficiently together.
   The two used a simple drawing depicting players as nodes and their relationship to one another on the team, the amount of passing that is done between them, the way it is done and to whom, as lines between the nodes.
   What shows up in the drawing first, is what everyone already knows, namely, that the team passes the ball among its players a lot. More than a lot actually. In one match during 2010’s World Cup between Spain and the Netherlands, the Spanish players out-passed their opponent 417 to 266. The drawing also highlights the fact that two players on the team are " well connected" i.e. easy for others to get to, versus just one for the opponent.
   In many ways the graphic confirms what most suspect, that Spain wins more because it relies more on precise teamwork rather than the special skills of one or two superstars.
Which of the following is the writer’s attitude toward the employment of network theory?
选项 A、Skeptical.
B、Indifferent.
C、Unique.
D、Sympathetic.
答案D
解析 这是一道细节信息题。借助于本题题干中的“network theory(网络理论)”可将本题的答案信息来源圈定在第二段首句和第三段尾句。由于第二段首句未涉及本文作者对于运用“网络理论”的态度，所以第三段尾句就成为本题答案信息的来源。第三段尾句“To help，Pena and Touchette turned to network theory，which makes sense，because soccer is played as a network of teammates working efficiently together．(佩亚和图什特因此求助于网络理论。这样做合情合理，因为足球本来就是一项需要队员有效配合的团队运动。)”由此判断，本题的正确答案应该是选项D“Sympathetic(支持的)”。解答此题时，除了需要借助题干中的核心词语“network theory”进行准确定位，更需要把握定语等语言成分的含义。
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