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  3. Recently, fish oils found in species like salmon, trout and tuna have been associated with a lower risk of heart disease and eve

Recently, fish oils found in species like salmon, trout and tuna have been associated with a lower risk of heart disease and eve

admin2016-10-15  11
问题     Recently, fish oils found in species like salmon, trout and tuna have been associated with a lower risk of heart disease and even Alzheimer’ s. Fish oil has since skyrocketed to be the most popular supplement in the United States. But a new study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, however, shows that these fish fats may not be improving everyone’s health—in the trial, those with high concentrations of marine-derived omega-3s in their blood showed a 43% higher risk of developing prostate cancer than those with the lowest levels.
    The study measured omega-3 blood levels in the participating men, and did not include information on the volunteers’ eating habits, so researchers could not differentiate between the effects of fatty acids from fish from those of supplements. However, the overwhelming majority of the participants did not take fish oil supplements. Based on the results, Brasky says that men with a family history of prostate cancer should discuss with their doctor whether fish oil supplements are safe for them, since these pills tend to contain concentrated doses of omega-3—supplements contain between 30% to 60% of a serving of fish oil, and if a fish supplement is taken everyday, that adds up to a lot of daily fish oil. Brasky also suggested that men cut down on their fatty fish intake, though not eliminate it entirely.
    Andrew Vickers, a statistician specializing in prostate cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, agrees, saying that fish oil supplements may pose a relatively higher risk for prostate cancer than fish in the diet. "The problem comes when you take components of a diet and put it in a pill," Vickers says. While the omega-3 fatty acids may increase oxidative damage to prostate cells, for example, antioxidants, which might be part of an overall healthy diet that includes fish as well as fruits and vegetables, might counteract these effects.
    Brasky’s work isn’t the first to suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may have both positive and negative effects on the body. In a September 2012 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers found that omega-3 supplements were not associated with lower risks of stroke or cardiac death. Those results were confirmed by another study in the New England Journal of Medicine that showed omega-3 supplements did not reduce risk of dying from a heart event among a group of people at high risk of heart disease. Researchers involved in those studies, however, acknowledged that they were not able to account for the effect of other medications to treat heart problems, such as cholesterol-lowering drugs and blood pressure medications, in keeping death rates down. In the same way, more research will have to tease apart how other nutrients in a balanced diet—including antioxidants—work together to influence the effect of individual nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids.
The underlined word "skyrocket"(Line 2, Paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to______.
选项 A、shoot up
B、plummet
C、tumble
D、accumulate
答案A
解析 本题考查考生对生词意思的理解。Skyrocket是“sky”(天空)和“rocket”(火箭)两个单词组成，是突然急剧上升的意思，在文中出现在第一段的第二句。该段的第一句指出：最近，在鲑鱼、鳟鱼和金枪鱼等鱼类中提取的鱼油被用来和较低的心脏病发病率甚至老年痴呆症发病率联系在一起。紧接着，作者提到，于是鱼油补充剂______，成为了美国最受欢迎的营养补充品，可见，是指鱼油补充剂销量猛增。在四个选项中，只有[A]是急剧上升的意思，是正确答案。[B]和[C]是[A]的反义词，[D]也含有增多的意思，但是没有剧烈迅速增加的意思，因此也不正确。
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