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  3. Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally

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问题     Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’ s total receipts.
    Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to acceler- ate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
    MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $ 500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as in- creasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
    Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach invest- ments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the "social responsibility approach" and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to recreate the disap- pointing results of the original SBA approach.
According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differs from the SBA approach in that MESBIC’s
选项 A、seek federal contracts to provide markets for minority businesses.
B、encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.
C、attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.
D、rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.
E、select minority businesses on the basis of their location.
答案D
解析 MESBIC计划哪点和SBA计划不同?A．用联邦合同为少数民族企业提供市场。无。B．鼓励一些少数民族企业为另一些少数民族企业提供市场。无。C．试图保持少数民族企业增长的速度。无。D．正确。依靠大公司的参与为少数民族企业提供资金。见原文L25—33。而SBA的叙述中不见类似内容叙述。E．基于地理位置挑选少数民族企业。无。
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