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  3. The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution has created tremendous busine

The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution has created tremendous busine

admin2020-11-04  58
问题    The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers, but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared. Instead, many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible, with no regard for the implications for society at large.
   When selfish publishers set up shops online, the primary goal is to publish as much as possible, often at the cost of quality. In this respect, many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping (重叠的) disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing. In some cases, online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.
   If publishers structure their business to make more revenue, it often does harm to their products. When publishers start journals with overlapping domains, in combination with the pressure to publish more studies, this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles. Moreover, publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties (专业) increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers. With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort, journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.
   To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community, the pressure to publish must be reduced. Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications, but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.
   And that’s just the start. We need additional mechanisms, such as Beall’s list of predatory (掠夺的) publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles. In addition, the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.
It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.
选项 A、peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journals
B、researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplines
C、scientists care about their publications rather than research
D、young business managers are willing to face new challenges
答案A
解析 推理判断题。定位句提到，网络出版商甚至放弃同行评议，同时仍将自己的在线期刊当作科学期刊。由此推断，通常情况下，同行评议是区分科学期刊与普通期刊的标准之一，故答案为A)。B)“研究者主要研究不同学科的结合”，该段第二句提到许多出版商开办了大量专注于重叠学科的在线期刊，这里没有涉及学科的融合，也未涉及研究者的关注点，故排除；C)“科学家关注出版物而非研究”，由定位句可知，科学家们很乐于做学术，如果关注了出版物，也就不会陷入骗局，故排除；D)“年轻的业务经理乐于面对新挑战”，该段第二句提到在线出版商聘用那些在科学或出版方面没有任何经验的年轻业务经理，没有提及他们是否乐于面对挑战，故排除。
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大学英语四级

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