首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
admin
2013-05-10
90
问题
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science; exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
We can infer from the passage that______.
选项
A、there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation
B、amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C、professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D、amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
答案
B
解析
推断题。答案同样可在第二段最后一、二句中找到:19世纪学科的专业化使得从事科研活动的非专业化人员面临越来越大的困难,在以数学训练和实验室训练为基础的科学领域中显得尤为突出。由此可推断,非专业化人员可以在除了这些领域外与其他专业人员一争高下。B项合题意。A项与第一段内容不符;C、D两项与第三段内容不符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/rYxd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
随机试题
Weshouldtryourbesttodo__________isworthdoing.
机电设备国际招标的评标结束后,招标机构应当在《中国国际招标网》上进行评标结果公示,公示期为()天。
以系统整体优化为目标,使系统各要素集合成一个有机整体并以系统为对象,综合性地解决管理系统问题,体现了工程项目综合管理的()原则。
根据“十一五”规划纲要,下列各类区域中,属于禁止开发区域的是()。
甲企业由于亏损严重,于2019年8月1日依法向人民法院提出破产申请。人民法院当日受理,并指定了管理人,对该厂的财产进行了清理,最后形成清算报告,其有关要点如下:(1)甲企业在破产程序中诉讼费10万元、拍卖变卖财产费用1万元,破产管理人工作人员工资
根据税收征收管理法律制度的规定,纳税人已开具的发票存根联和发票登记簿的保存期限是()年。
Wife:Didyoueatallthemuffins?Husband:______.
设f(x)连续,且g(x)=,求g’(x).
求∫(x5+3x2-2x+5)cosxdx.
Idon’tknowwhyI______.
最新回复
(
0
)