首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
admin
2013-05-10
93
问题
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science; exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
We can infer from the passage that______.
选项
A、there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation
B、amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C、professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D、amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
答案
B
解析
推断题。答案同样可在第二段最后一、二句中找到:19世纪学科的专业化使得从事科研活动的非专业化人员面临越来越大的困难,在以数学训练和实验室训练为基础的科学领域中显得尤为突出。由此可推断,非专业化人员可以在除了这些领域外与其他专业人员一争高下。B项合题意。A项与第一段内容不符;C、D两项与第三段内容不符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/rYxd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
随机试题
一个测验经过多次测量所得结果的一致性程度,以及一次测量所得结果的准确性程度,称测验的可靠度,又称测验的()。
轴承套塑性越好,与轴颈的压力分布均匀()
我国现行学制系统规定,义务教育修业年限为()
下列机构中,属于咨询机构的是()
右主支气管的特点是
在基金的促销手段中,以下属于促销组合要素的是()。
目前我国正在推行的一套人民币货币市场基准利率指标体系是上海银行间同业拆放利率。()
程老师计划用3课时让学生独立完成“体育场馆”的设计制作:先以文字或草图的形式陈述自己的设计,再利用废旧材料做成立体模型。同学们积极动手制作,各出奇招,老师也非常认真地辅导。在模型制作的后2课时中,由于作业量较大,有的学生只能交出半成品;而个别学生又速度很快
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears.TheB
A=HallucinogensB=CocaineC=AlcoholWhichdrug...mayslowdownbodyfunctions?【P1】______canleadtothedrivers’dis
最新回复
(
0
)