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  3. [A]An Elemental Curriculum [B]Expectations of Early Teachers [C]Education as a Preparation for Working Life [D]Escalati

[A]An Elemental Curriculum [B]Expectations of Early Teachers [C]Education as a Preparation for Working Life [D]Escalati

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问题    [A]An Elemental Curriculum
   [B]Expectations of Early Teachers
   [C]Education as a Preparation for Working Life
   [D]Escalating Teacher Expectations
   [E]Teachers as Cleaners
   [F]Students Being Classroom Researchers
   [G]Teaching as a Mirror of Social faith
   In the late 1800s and early 1900s, teaching was very different from today. Rules for teachers at the time in the USA covered both the teacher’ s duties and their conduct out of class as well. Teachers at that time were expected to set a good example to their pupils and to behave in a very virtuous and proper manner. Women teachers should not marry, nor should they "keep company with men". They had to wear long dresses and no bright colours and they were not permitted to dye their hair. No teachers were allowed to drink alcohol. They were allowed to read only good books such as the Bible?
   【R1】______
   As well as this long list of "dos" and "don’ts," teachers had certain duties to perform each day. In country schools, teachers were required to keep the coal bucket full for the classroom fire, and to bring a bucket of water each day for the children to drink. They had to make the pens for their students to write with and to sweep the floor and keep the classroom tidy. However, despite this list of duties, little was stipulated about the content of the teaching, nor about assessment methods.
   【R2】______
   Teachers would have been expected to teach the three "r"s—reading, writing and arithmetic, and to teach the children about Christianity and read from the Bible every day. Education in those days was much simpler than it is today and covered basic literacy skills and religious education. They would almost certainly have used corporal punishment such as a stick or the strap on naughty or unruly children. They would have been expected to sit quietly and to do their work, copying long rows of letters or doing basic maths sums.
   【R3】______
   Compare this with a country school in the USA today! If you visited today, you would see the children sitting in groups round large tables, or even on the floor. They would be working together on a range of different activities, and there would almost certainly be one or more computers in the classroom. Children nowadays are allowed and even expected to talk quietly to each other while they work, and they are also expected to ask their teachers questions and to actively engage in finding out information for themselves, instead of just listening to the teacher.
   【R4】______
   There are no rules of conduct for teachers out of the classroom, and they are not expected to perform caretaking duties such as cleaning the classrooms or making pens, but nevertheless their jobs are much harder than they were in the 1900s. Teachers today are expected to work hard on planning their lessons, to teach creatively and to stimulate children’s minds, and there are strict protocols about assessment across the whole of the USA.
   【R5】______
   These changes in educational methods and ideas reflect changes in our society in general. Children in western countries nowadays come from all parts of the globe and they bring different cultures, religions and beliefs to the classroom. It is no longer considered acceptable or appropriate for state schools to teach about religious beliefs. Ideas about the value and purpose of education have also changed and with the increasing sophistication of workplaces and life skills needed for a successful career, the curriculum has also expanded to try to prepare children for the challenges of a diverse working community.
【R1】
选项
答案E
解析 本段是典型的总分结构。其首句指出老师每天都有一定的任务要去做。其后举例具体说明老师要打水、要打扫教室等。提到教师要做一些日常劳动的选项只有E，即教师作为清洁者。所以，本段段落中心为E项。
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