2. 外语
  3. Three basic pathophysiologic mechanisms lead to virtually all the clinical disease states involving endocrine glands: (46) the e

Three basic pathophysiologic mechanisms lead to virtually all the clinical disease states involving endocrine glands: (46) the e

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问题     Three basic pathophysiologic mechanisms lead to virtually all the clinical disease states involving endocrine glands: (46) the excessive hormone production and action and neoplasa. Deficiency of hormone action is most commonly caused by an abnormally low level of biologically active hormone reaching target tissues. (47) Endocrine gland hypofunciton may be congenital, caused by a complete failure of gland development, a mutant gene-encoding the structure of hormone or an enzyme responsible for hormone biosythesis. (48) replacement by tumor, surgical extirpation, effects of pharmacologic or environmental agents, or inflammation. Other causes of decreased hormone action in target tissues are encountered less frequently. Deranged physiologic control of pituitary gland function causes secondary glandular failure, which can be either congenital or acquired (49) Defective postsecretory hormone activation or accelerated hormone metabolism may result in abnormally low hormone activity. Hormonal deficiency states, despite normal or even elevated concentrations of biologically active hormone in the circulation, may be due to target-tissue resistance. (50) This failure of target tissue responsiveness may be due to an abnormality of hormone receptors or in post-binding signaling of the hormone-receptor interaction.
A. Deficiency of hormone action on target tissues.
B. Improvement of hormone release may result in glandular hypofunction.
C. Functional endocrine tumors secrete a hormonal product.
D. Inadequate hormone production may occur as a result of primary gland failure.
E. Resistance can be congenital or acquired F. Endocrine gland failure may also be acquired as a consequence of physiologic atrophy.  
选项
答案D
解析 选项D的意思是“激素分泌不足可能是原发性内分泌腺功能衰退的结果。”该段大意为“激素作用于靶组织的生物活性激素水平异常降减是激素作用缺乏的最常见原因。激素分泌不足可以是原发性内分泌腺功能衰退的结果。它可是先天性的，由腺体在生长发育中完全性功能衰退造成，或是一种激素的结构编码基因突变，或编码一种承担激素生物合成的酶的基因突变所致。”
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