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  3. Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her n

Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her n

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问题     Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for reform of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gain the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques, of statistical analysis, such as during the Crimean War when she plotted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed a method to prevent the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and the need for reform. With her analysis, Florence Nightingale revolutionized the idea that social phenomena could be objectively measured and subjected to mathematical analysis. She was an innovator in the collection, interpretation, and display of statistics.
    Florence Nightingale’s two greatest life achievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group did not attend universities or pursue professional careers.  It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his children, should get an education. So Nightingale and her sister learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics. She in particular received excellent early preparation in mathematics.
    During Nightingale’s time at Scutari, she collected data and systematized record-keeping practices. Nightingale was able to use the data as a tool for improving city and military hospitals. Nightingale’s calculations of the death rate showed that with an improvement of sanitary methods, deaths would decrease. In February, 1855, the death rate at the hospital was 42.7 percent of the cases treated. When Nightingale’s sanitary reform was implemented, the death rate declined. Nightingale took her statistical data and represented them graphically.
    As Nightingale demonstrated, statistics provided an organized way of learning and lead to improvements in medical and surgical practices. She also developed a Model Hospital Statistical Form for hospitals to collect and generate consistent data and statistics. She became a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1858 and an honorary member of the American Statistical Association in 1874. Karl Pearson acknowledged Nightingale as a "prophetess" in the development of applied statistics.
Where did Nightingale prove her method could really reduce the death rates?
选项 A、Scutari.
B、Victorian.
C、Crimean.
D、Royal Statistical Society.
答案A
解析 细节题；难度不大，要求考生识别在原文中通过利用数理统计的方式，使死亡率得到大幅降低的地方在哪里。原文明确指出是在Scutari，也就是A选项是正确答案，其他选项的地点分别出现在文章的其他段落，D选项是Nightingale后来工作的一个地方，只要考生不要凭借自己的印象，而是回到原文进行了查找的话，就不大可能在这个问题上出现误选。
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