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  3. For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have edu

For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have edu

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问题     For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have educated the technical, managerial and professional workforce and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Their unparalleled capacity for research has put the United States at the cutting edge of science and of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences.
    The decentralization (权利分散), diversity, academic freedom and shared governance that have evolved over the past two centuries have made America’s system of higher education one of the most accessible and democratic in the world. Today educators from around the globe are turning to U. S. institutions of higher learning for inspiration and have found four historic acts stand out as watersheds:
    Education for the masses: In 1862 Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans—including such deprived of some rights groups as women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.
    Competition breeds success: Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War, and the academy’s impact really grew after World War II, when a landmark report commissioned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to provide adequate funds for basic research—and that the nation’s universities were, by nature, best suited to take the lead. This turned out to be a brilliant policy.
    Investing in the future: The end of World War II saw passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, better known as the GI Bill of Rights. The law, which provided for college or vocational education for returning veterans, made an already democratic higher-education system accessible in ways that were inconceivable in Europe, opening the doors of the best universities to men and women who had never dreamed of going to college.
    Promoting diversity: The creation of federal loan guarantees and subsidy programs, as well as outright grants for college students brought much-needed diversity, to higher education and further helped to democratize access.
According to President F. D. Roosevelt, the funds for basic research in public colleges and universities would he ______.
选项 A、endowed by state government
B、provided by federal government
C、solved by universities themselves
D、donated by private companies or rich people
答案B
解析 根据题干关键词President F. D. Roosevelt，funds，basic research，public colleges and universities定位到原文第四段第一句：...it was the federal government’s responsibility to provide adequate funds for basic research...即为基础教育提供适当的基本科研资金是联邦政府的责任，故B)项“由联邦政府提供”符合题意。
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