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  3. A Food and Drug Administration (FDA)advisory committee has concluded that a novel new treatment can greatly help rheumatoid arth

A Food and Drug Administration (FDA)advisory committee has concluded that a novel new treatment can greatly help rheumatoid arth

admin2019-04-08  64
问题     A Food and Drug Administration (FDA)advisory committee has concluded that a novel new treatment can greatly help rheumatoid arthritis patients.
    The panel recommended approving Enbrel for use alone in patients who haven’ t responded to other drugs or in combination with methotrexate, a cancer drug that has been the main treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
    The FDA must make a final decision by early November, and the drug’ s maker says it could be on the market by year’ s end.
    In rheumatoid arthritis, which affects 2.1 million Americans, the immune system attacks healthy joints. A major wrongdoer in this process is a protein called "tumor killing factor" , or TNF, which interacts with a special molecule, or TNF receptor, on cells’ surfaces.
    To keep inflammation in check, cells normally release some receptors to mop up excess TNF, rendering it inactive. Apparently, rheumatoid arthritis patients don’t have enough free-floating TNF receptors.
    Enbrel consists of genetically engineered TNF receptors. In a six-month study, 234 patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis received one of two doses of Enbrel or a placebo (harmless substance given as if it were medicine)in twice-a-week injections. They took injections for six months. By the end, 40% of patients on the larger Enbrel dose saw symptoms, such as swelling and joint pain, cut in half. Only 5% on the placebo did that well. The main side effect was minor irritation at the injection site.
    Because some TNF is needed for a normal immune response, there is at least a theoretical risk of infections or even cancer in patients who take Enbrel, so the FDA panel urged long-term safety studies.
    Last week, the FDA approved Arava, an oral treatment for rheumatoid arthritis that is similar to methotrexate. While calling both Enbrel and Arava "potentially very important" , Brian Butcher, vice president for research at the Arthritis Foundation, notes they have been tested in relatively few patients.
    Butcher says their safety should be closely monitored once they’ re widely available.
We learn from Paragraph 6 that
选项 A、Enbrel treatment in large doses could reduce the patients’ symptoms.
B、arthritis patients presented symptoms after Enbrel treatment.
C、arthritis patients with treatment of a placebo were rid of symptoms.
D、only 5% on the placebo got symptoms such as swelling and joint pain.
答案A
解析 该题为细节题。由第六段第四句“By the end，40％of patients on the larger Enbrel dose saw symptoms，such as swelling and joint pain，cut in half．”可知，40％接受较大剂量恩利注射的患者症状，例如肿胀或者关节疼痛，减轻了一半。选项B称关节炎患者在接受恩利治疗之后表现出了症状，选项C称关节炎患者在注射安慰剂之后症状消失，选项D称只有5％接受安慰剂注射的患者表现出诸如肿胀和关节疼痛的症状，都与原文意思不符，故选A。
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