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  3. Children have been said to have brain-injured child syndrome, hyperactive (极度活跃的) child syndrome and attention-deficit disorder

Children have been said to have brain-injured child syndrome, hyperactive (极度活跃的) child syndrome and attention-deficit disorder

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问题     Children have been said to have brain-injured child syndrome, hyperactive (极度活跃的) child syndrome and attention-deficit disorder (ADD). As early as the 1940’s, psychiatrists have【C1】______children with hyperactivity and extremely distracted and impulsive. These frequent name changes show how【C2】______researchers are about the causes of the problem and the diagnostic (诊断的) 【C3】______for the disorders.
    In the past several years, the people who study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have【C4】______to clarify the disorder’s causes and【C5】______. and have reasons to believe that it may be【C6】______. Today’s view on this disorder is very different from the beliefs of just a few years ago.
    Researchers are finding that ADHD is not a disorder of just attention, but is from a developmental【C7】______in the brain’s circuitry and self-control. The loss of self-control【C8】______other important brain functions compulsory for【C9】______attention. ADHD【C10】______two sets of symptoms: inattention and a【C11】______of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. Most children are more active and【C12】______than adults are. Children are more inconsistent,【C13】______by brief actions. The younger the child, the【C14】______aware of time they are. This behavior is a【C15】______of a problem when it is displayed more in them than in their【C16】______. Boys are at least three times more【C17】______than girls to have ADHD. Studies have found that ADHD in boys outnumbers girls 9 to 1; this is because boys are genetically likely to develop disorders in the nervous system. These behaviors【C18】______occur between the ages of 3 and 5.【C19】______. some children don’t start to develop the disorder until late childhood or early adolescence. Researchers are unable to find the reasons for this【C20】______.
【C9】
选项 A、sustaining
B、entertaining
C、maintaining
D、retaining
答案C
解析 语义衔接题。由下文提到ADHD的症状之一是inattention可知，此处是说负责保持注意力的大脑功能减弱了，所填词与attention连用，表示“保持、维持”注意力的意思，故答案为[C]maintaining“保持，维持”。[A]sustaining指在困境中维持，有“挣扎’之意；[D]retaining指继续占有某物，或使某物继续处于某位置[B]entertaining指“娱乐；款待”。
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