2. 外语
  3. Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e.,

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e.,

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问题     Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years; middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population—growing so fast that the industrial worker, the oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
    Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist’s trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
   According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is      .
选项 A、less important than awareness of being a good employee
B、as important as the ability to deal with public relations
C、more important than employer-employee relations
D、as important as the ability to cooperate with others in organization
答案A
解析 根据题干关键词skill定位到第二段第四至第七句可知，所有这些行业都需要有不伺的技巧、标准。需要有不同的专业知识。然而他们有一共同点：懂得如何做一个雇员，而且尤其是在大公司或政府部门里，要想获得成功，懂得如何做一个雇员比起专业知识和技巧来说更为重要。有些人因不知道做一个雇员的要求而失败，有些人因为没有这个行业的知识而失败，而前者很明显比后者要多。你爬的位置越高，你越是进入厂管理或行政工作，也就更要求你有在组织中与人协同工作的能力而不是你的专业知识，因此答案为A
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