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  3. The first sound ever was the sound of the Big Bang. And, surprisingly, it doesn’t really sound all that bang-like. John Cramer,

The first sound ever was the sound of the Big Bang. And, surprisingly, it doesn’t really sound all that bang-like. John Cramer,

admin2023-02-22  101
问题     The first sound ever was the sound of the Big Bang. And, surprisingly, it doesn’t really sound all that bang-like. John Cramer, a researcher at the University of Washington, has created two different renditions of what the big bang might have sounded like based on data from two different satellites.
    During the first 100 to 700 thousand years after the Big Bang, the universe was far denser than the air on Earth, which means that sound waves could indeed move through it. (It’s not true that sound needs air to move, it simply needs a medium dense enough to propagate the waves.)【B6】_______________
    Since before the Big Bang there was no universe, it seems safe to say that this is likely the first sound in the universe. But what was the first sound ever actually heard? To figure that out, we need to figure out which organism was first able to hear.
    The first organisms to be able to hear things were probably the bony fishes, which appeared on this planet about 400 million years ago.【B7】____________________
    So what were these fish hearing? What sounds did these early labyrinth organs pick up? Mostly vibrations coursed  through  their bodies  as  they  moved  through  the  water  or,  in  later cases,  as  they walked along muddy banks.【B8】_______________It wasn’t until the Triassic period that eardrums showed up, which made it much easier for organisms to hear sounds transmitted through the air.
    Fast forward a whole lot of time, and we get to humans.【B9】_______________Phonautographs transcribe sound waves into a line that is drawn on paper or glass. The first phonautographic recording that still exists is from 1860, and it’s a French folksong called "Au Clair de la Lune."
    Once humans figured out how to record sound, they then wanted to share it. In 1875, Alexander Graham Bell transmitted the first sound vibrations between two receivers. The first radio broadcast, speech transmitted without wires, came on December 23, 1900. Reginald Aubrey Fessenden successfully transmitted his own voice  between two  50-foot towers located  on the  Potomac  River in Washington.
    【B10】____________________
    Today, humans make and record a whole lot of noise. So much that now, instead of trying to be the "first" to make or capture or send a sound, some are looking for a "last." The last place on Earth without human noise.
    [A]   But the sound would have been such a low frequency that, had humans been around at the time, we couldn’t have heard it. For listening purposes, Cramer has increased the frequency of the sound to fall into the range that humans can actually detect.
    [B]  The first sound that we recorded as a species was gathered by a device called a phonautograph, invented by a man named Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville in 1857.
    [C]   Sound has a history, from the first sound ever, to the first sound heard by an animal, to the first recorded by a human being.
    [D]  This system works well when there’s water around, but as animals moved up and out of the water, vibrations in the air didn’t carry as much energy, and couldn’t wiggle the bones quite as much.
    [E]  There weren’t always sounds being transmitted through the air, and there weren’t always animals and humans around to make sounds. And there certainly weren’t always technologies around to record sounds, in basements and fancy studios and subway cars.
    [F]  The first cellphone call was made on April 3, 1973 by Martin Cooper who, used the historic moment to call a man named Joel Engel, his direct competitor who was also working on cellphone technology.
    [G]   These fish developed the ability to sense vibrations by adapting an organ they used to balance themselves in the water called the "balance labyrinth." Eventually, that labyrinth got more and more complicated, developing curves and features that would, a long time later, develop into a proto-cochlea.
【B8】
选项
答案D
解析 空格前讲述当这些鱼在水中游动时，或者后来在泥泞的岸上行走时，声波的振动能在它们的身体传过。空格后指出直到耳膜出现，动物才能更容易地听到空气中的声音，其中much easier说明空格处与空格后的内容存在比较关系，故空格处可能会谈及听到空气中传播的声音的难度。D开头讲的在水中可行的方法(This system works well when there’s water around)指的就是本段空格前的内容；而后再进一步阐述这个方法在陆地上没有效果。这表明动物在当时(耳膜出现前)要在空气中听到声音是有难度的．与空格后的内容形成对比．体现了其中的much easier。故D为答案。
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