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  3. All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor

All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor

admin2015-09-26  57
问题     All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.
    A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who don’t complete school in her city, replied, "I can tell you their names if you want. " In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school—80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years.
    These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a child’s chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.
    Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of school—don’t ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.
    Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapore’s are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers.
    Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.
Compared with their peers, kids with professional parents learn much more because they______.
选项 A、have good memory for vocabulary
B、have better family financial conditions
C、achieve higher grades on IQ tests
D、use basic reading and math skills flexibly
答案B
解析 细节题。第一段前两句提到，孩子在学校和生活中能否获得成功，更多地取决于其家庭的经济条件。到三岁时，比较专业的家长所教养的孩子在知识方面已经比来自贫穷家庭的同龄孩子提前了一年。可见，比较专业的家长所教养的孩子能够学到更多东西的原因是[B]“拥有更好的家庭经济条件”。[A]“善于记单词”和[C]“在IQ测试中取得更高的成绩”是比较专业的家长教养出来的孩子所具有的优秀表现，而不是原因；文中只是说到十岁时家庭条件比较差的孩子未能掌握基本的阅读和运算技能，并未说比较专业的家长所教养的孩子能灵活地使用这些技巧，所以排除[D]。
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