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  3. Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance

Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance

admin2008-01-10  92
问题     Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound; an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.
    Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromatic ingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identit3, these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible to synthesize them. Nevertheless, some complex substances, such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still not been duplicated satisfactorily.
    Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied "new car odor."
According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT ______
选项 A、aromatic ingredient in vanilla
B、vanilla
C、aromatic ingredient in wild cherry
D、the flavor of fresh coffee
答案D
解析 本题可用排除法。见第二段第一句：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized； these include vanillin，the aromatic ingredient in vanilla，and benzaldehyde，the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries．选项A、B、C的内容均被提及，因此除外的选项只有D，所以D为答案。(本题答案也可用下一题的推断法推出)
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