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  3. It’s fairly well known that a bad diet, a lack of exercise, and genetics can all contribute to type 2 diabetes. But a new global

It’s fairly well known that a bad diet, a lack of exercise, and genetics can all contribute to type 2 diabetes. But a new global

admin2020-01-09  55
问题     It’s fairly well known that a bad diet, a lack of exercise, and genetics can all contribute to type 2 diabetes. But a new global study points to an additional, surprising culprit: the air pollution emitted by cars and trucks.
    Though other research has shown a link between diabetes and air pollution in the past, this study is one of the largest of its kind, and it’s unique because it both is longitudinal and includes several types of controls. What’s more, it also quantifies exactly how many diabetes cases in the world are attributable to air pollution; 14 percent in 2016 alone. In the United States, it found, air pollution is responsible for 150,000 cases of diabetes.
    The study, published in The Lancet Planetary Health, linked data from 1. 7 million American veterans who had been followed for a median of 8. 5 years with air data from the EPA and NASA. It also aggregated past international research on diabetes and air pollution to devise a model to estimate diabetes risk based on the level of pollution, and it used the Global Burden of Disease study to estimate how many years of healthy life were lost due to this air-pollution-induced diabetes. Globally, 8. 2 million years of healthy life were lost in 2016 to pollution-linked diabetes, it showed.
    The study authors controlled for things like obesity and BMI, so it wasn’t the case that heavier people simply lived in more polluted neighborhoods and were also more likely to get diabetes.
    The particles examined in this study are known as PM2. 5, or particulate matter that’s 2. 5 micrometers big—30 times smaller than a human hair. They are emitted by various types of industry and fuel burning, but in the United States, the biggest source of PM2. 5 is cars, says Ziyad Al-Aly, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at Washington University at St. Louis. When there’s lots of PM2. 5 in the air, the air might look smoggy or hazy. In lighter concentrations, the particles are invisible.
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
选项 A、Heavier people are more likely to get diabetes.
B、PM2.5 is 2. 5mm big.
C、8. 2 million years of healthy life were lost in 2016 to pollution-linked diabetes.
D、The biggest source of PM2. 5 in America comes from industry and fuel burning.
答案C
解析 推理判断题。根据选项定位到第四段和第五段。[A]“更胖的人更容易得糖尿病”，与第四段最后一句意思正好相反，因此错误；[B]“PM2．5是2．5毫米大的颗粒物”，这里单位错误，micrometer不是millimeter，微米也不是毫米，因此不正确；[D]“美国的PM2．5主要来源于工业和燃烧能源”，根据第五段的描述这也是错误的，美国的PM2．5主要来自汽车尾气；[C]是文中的原句，因此应该选[C]。
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