What is the nationality of the researchers?

Happiness is associated with smiling. But do we always smile when we are happy?
   During the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, Spanish researchers analyzed the facial expressions of 22 gold medal winners at the medal ceremonies. The researchers were surprised to see that these medal winners didn’t smile very much.  In fact, throughout the different medal ceremonies, they only smiled about 10% of the time.  But during the brief moment when the gold medal was actually put around their neck, the medal winners grinned about 70% of the time.
   The researchers interviewed the athletes they had watched to find out how they felt. All the winners interviewed said that they felt intensely happy throughout the ceremony.
   Despite the fact that they were profoundly happy, they didn’t smile a great deal. The researchers concluded that smiling is not the automatic expression of happiness. The fact that the gold medal winners smiled much more when they were actually being given their medals can be explained because, according to the Spanish researchers, smiling is a form of communication between individuals. The happy athletes were smiling at the people who were giving them their gold medals.