首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The momentum is building ahead of next month’s G8 summit in Scotland where the leaders of the world’s richest nations will debat
The momentum is building ahead of next month’s G8 summit in Scotland where the leaders of the world’s richest nations will debat
admin
2017-03-15
60
问题
The momentum is building ahead of next month’s G8 summit in Scotland where the leaders of the world’s richest nations will debate what they can do to help some of the world’s poorest. Africa is the priority and the politicians will discuss 【C1】______, ending trade regulations which put the continent’s economy at a disadvantage, and giving more aid.
【C2】______—along the coastline, near the continents’ ports—are monuments to exploitation. On the island of Goree, for example,【C3】______ Senegal, there’s the Slave House. This was the last place many Africans saw before being shipped off【C4】______ in the Americas or, just as often, to death on the high seas.
There are many more places like this【C5】______ or so of the African slave trade. When people wonder why Africa is so poor, they need look no further for【C6】______.
Some people argue that【C7】______—railways and schools and so on—the system was principally designed to turn Africa into a【C8】______ for the profit of outsiders.
Of course, some Africans gained from this period. Chiefs who sold their enemies【C9】______, for example, and coastal people who creamed a little off the colonial trade which flowed through their land.
But on the whole,【C10】______, the general rule was systematic exploitation. This must, surely, be the basic reason why Africa is poor. You could add that the climate is punishing, that 【C11】______, and that today’s independent African rulers are far from perfect. All true. But these factors, powerful in recent decades, seem marginal when【C12】______ that was set for centuries.
The solution, or, at least, the project sold as the solution, has been "aid". Emergency aid, development aid, agricultural aid, economic advice.【C13】______. The problem with this solution is that, patently, it hasn’t worked.
On the whole, Africa has got poorer. The failure hasn’t really been the idea of real aid but【C14】______. Clearly, if, in the famous phrase, you "teach a man to fish", you’re probably helping him.
But most aid hasn’t been like that. Most of it has been "top-down" aid, money that’s given to African governments【C15】______ the aid givers. A good proportion of it has been creamed off by the recipient government’s officials and【C16】______ paid back to the so-called "donors" in consultancy fees, salaries, cars, houses-and-servants for aid officials,【C17】______ of arms.
During the Cold War, which only ended in the 1990s, most aid to Africa was never really even【C18】______. It was designed to reward client states for supporting or opposing【C19】______. This led to inappropriate and sometimes laughable results. There’s an apocryphal tale that does the rounds, for example, of the former Soviet Union, in the 1970s,【C20】______ to tropical Guinea. To be honest, I don’t know if this story is true. But I do know of many cases where so-called food aid has destroyed markets for local farmers by driving down prices.
【C5】
The momentum is building ahead of next month’s G8 summit in Scotland where the leaders of the world’s richest nations will debate what they can do to help some of the world’s poorest. Africa is the priority and the politicians will discuss reducing the debt burden, ending trade regulations which put the continent’s economy at a disadvantage, and giving more aid.
All around the edge of Africa—along the coastline, near the continents’ ports—are monuments to exploitation. On the island of Goree, for example, just off the coast of Senegal, there’s the Slave House. This was the last place many Africans saw before being shipped off to a lifetime of slavery in the Americas or, just as often, to death on the high seas.
There are many more places like this dating from the 350 years or so of the African slave trade. When people wonder why Africa is so poor, they need look no further for the start of an explanation.
Some people argue that colonialism brought limited development—railways and schools and so on—the system was principally designed to turn Africa into a vast plantation and mining site for the profit of outsiders.
Of course, some Africans gained from this period. Chiefs who sold their enemies to the European or Arab slavers, for example, and coastal people who creamed a little off the colonial trade which flowed through their land.
But on the whole, for almost half a millennium, the general rule was systematic exploitation. This must, surely, be the basic reason why Africa is so poor. You could add that the climate is punishing, that tropical diseases are rife, and that today’s independent African rulers are far from perfect. All true. But these factors, powerful in recent decades, seem marginal when set against to the pattern that was set for centuries.
The solution, or, at least, the project sold as the solution, has been "aid". Emergency aid, development aid, agricultural aid, economic advice. Billions of dollars worth of it. The problem with this solution is that, patently, it hasn’t worked.
On the whole, Africa has got poorer. The failure hasn’t really been the idea of real aid but the misuse of that term. Clearly, if, in the famous phrase, you "teach a man to fish", you’re probably helping him.
But most aid hasn’t been like that. Most of it has been "top-down" aid, money that’s given to African governments do the political bidding of the aid givers. A good proportion of it has been creamed off by the recipient government’s officials and another large chunk of it paid back to the so-called "donors" in consultancy fees, salaries, cars, houses-and-servants for aid officials, debt repayments and the purchasing of arms.
During the Cold War, which only ended in the 1990s, most aid to Africa was never really even supposed to help poor people. It was designed to reward client states for supporting or opposing one of the dominant ideologies. This led to inappropriate and sometimes laughable results. There’s an apocryphal tale that does the rounds, for example, of the former Soviet Union, in the 1970s, supplying snow ploughs to tropical Guinea. To be honest, I don’t know if this story is true. But I do know of many cases where so-called food aid has destroyed markets for local farmers by driving down prices.
选项
答案
dating from the 350 years
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/njSO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI高级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI高级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
In1959,Hawaiibecamethefiftiethstateintheunion.【C1】________CongresssofarawayinWashingtonD.C.,howdoHawaiiansg
In1959,Hawaiibecamethefiftiethstateintheunion.【C1】________CongresssofarawayinWashingtonD.C.,howdoHawaiiansg
下面你将听到外国媒体就中国艾滋病问题的一段评论。HIV/AIDSisnowrecognizedclearlyasagrowingthreattoChina.AccordingtoofficialChineseesti
下面你将听到一段关于中国教育状况的介绍。中国人历来重视教育,实施“独生子女”政策后尤为如此。中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的15%,而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示,有43%的家庭都设立了专门账户,用来支付孩子的教育费用。近年来,
女士们,先生们,上午好!中国和马来西亚是友好近邻,两国传统友谊源远流长。中国明朝郑和七下西洋,五次到达马六甲,同当地人民友好交往和互利通商,至今传为佳话。中马建交33年来,两国经贸合作持续快速发展。中国海关统计,2006年两国贸易额达371亿
Justacoupleofdaysago,climbers,backedbyUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram(UNEP),returnedfromtheHimalayas,wherethe
A、Efficiencyofgovernment.B、Environmentalprotection.C、Decentralization.D、Trafficconcerns.C根据题干要求找寻到有关韩国总统的说法,发现原文第三段“hes
Thereisabasichypothesisthatthemajorityofseriousmotoringoffencesarederivedfromaccidents,andthereisnothingint
Iftheoldmaximthatthecustomerisalwaysrightstillhasmeaning,thentheairlinesthatflytheworld’sbusiestairrouteb
Iftheoldmaximthatthecustomerisalwaysrightstillhasmeaning,thentheairlinesthatplytheworld’sbusiestairrouteb
随机试题
民族区域自治
创伤性窒息的临床表现有哪些
63岁男性,重度吸烟,慢性咳嗽、咳痰10余年,活动后呼吸困难2年,因高热2天,意识模糊,呼吸困难来院急诊
所有空气收集器都有一定的采样流量范围,或固定的采样流量,多孔玻板吸收管的流量为
按照《建设工程安全生产管理条例》的规定,建设单位的安全责任除了向施工单位提供现场相关资料、依法办理相关批准手续、提供安全生产费用及不推销劣质材料设备外,还包括()。
下列项目中,免征增值税的有()。
现在,中国国内有三家商品期货交易所,分别位于()。
()对于争斗相当于桃李对于()
WhyisWorldIntellectualPropertyDayobserved?
______isoneoftheleadingfiguresofthepostwarAmericandramatists.
最新回复
(
0
)