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  3. Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports

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问题    Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view. The needs of mankind are thought to be made up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.
   The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared; the "life-enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the need in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
   A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.
It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War A most Americans______.
选项 A、were very rich
B、lived in poverty
C、had the good things on the first three levels
D、did not own automobiles
答案D
解析 推理判断题。本题问的是，从本文中可以推断出第二次世界大战结束的时候，大多数美国人是如何的?定位文章第二段“By the end of World War Ⅱ，these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans”，即二战结束后，关于第二层次的衣服和住宿的需求已经得到解决。然后Then a third level appeared。这说明第三层次的需求出现了，即这个时候第三层次的需求还没有满足。由此可以推断出D项，即这个时候大多数美国人还没有拥有汽车这个第三层次的需求。
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