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  3. A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may have the idea he is not capable of it

A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may have the idea he is not capable of it

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问题     A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may have the idea he is not capable of it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the most of his mental faculties, or he may accept another person’s mistaken estimate of his ability. Older people may be handicapped by the mistaken belief that they are incapable of learning anything new because of their age.
    A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be useless. He won’t go at a job with the confidence necessary for success. He is therefore likely to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his incompetence.
    Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. When he was a small boy he got off to poor start in arithmetic. His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents what she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, "Isn’t it too bad that Alfred can’t do arithmetic?" He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it was useless to try, and was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected.
    One day Adler succeeded in solving a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea that he couldn t do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His new found confidence stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became extraordinarily good at arithmetic.
    This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have, and that lack of success is as often the result of lack of knowledge of how to apply one’s ability, lack of confidence, and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability.
As a boy, Alfred Adler was poor at arithmetic because______.
选项 A、he lost his self-confidence
B、he was mentally retarded (弱智的)
C、his teacher had no confidence in himself
D、his parents expected too much of him
答案A
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。问阿尔弗莱德·阿德勒小时候算术不好的原因是什么。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章的第三段中找到相关内容。这段指出，在他的童年时代，一开始学算术就学得很糟糕。他的老师认为他没有学算术的能力，并且把她的想法告诉了他的父母，让他们不要对孩子有多大期望。于是，他的父母也产生了这样的念头。“阿尔弗莱德不会算术，这不是太糟糕了吗?”阿德勒对这种错误的评价信以为真，并感到努力也是没有用的。所以，正像他人所预料的那样，他的算术学得很糟糕。因此，本题的正确答案应是A“他自己也失去了自信心”。
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