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  3. Aesthetics is broader in scope than the philosophy of art, which comprises one of its branches, It deals not only with the natur

Aesthetics is broader in scope than the philosophy of art, which comprises one of its branches, It deals not only with the natur

admin2010-07-06  61
问题      Aesthetics is broader in scope than the philosophy of art, which comprises one of its branches, It deals not only with the nature and value of the arts but also with those responses to natural objects that find expression in the language of the beautiful and the ugly. 61)A problem is encountered at the outset, however, for terms such as beautiful and ugly seem too vague in their application and too subjective in their meaning to divide the world successfully into those things that do, end those that do not, exemplify them. Almost anything might be seen as beautiful by someone or from some point of view; and different people apply the word to quite disparate objects for reasons that often seem to have little or nothing in common. It may be that there is some single underlying belief that motivates all of their judgments. 62)It may also be, however, that the term beautiful has no sense except as the expression of an attitude, which is in turn attached by different people to quite different states of affairs.
     63)Moreover, in spite of the emphasis laid by philosophers on the terms beautiful and ugly, it is far from evident that they are the most important or most useful either in the discussion and criticism of art or in the description of that which appeals to us in nature To convey what is significant in a poem we might use such terms as ironical, moving, expressive, balanced, and harmonious. Likewise, in describing a favorite stretch of countryside, we may find more use for peaceful, soft, atmospheric, harsh, and evocative, than for beautiful. 64)The least that should be said is that beautiful belongs to a class of terms from which it has been chosen as much for convenience’s sake as for any sense that it captures what is distinctive of the class.
     At the same time, there seems to Be no clear way of delimiting the class in question — not at least in advance of theory. 65)Aesthetics must therefore cast its net more widely than the study either of beauty or of other aesthetic concepts if it is to discover the principles whereby it is to be defined. We are at once returned, therefore, to the vexing question or subject matter: What should a philosopher study in order to understand such ideas as beauty and taste?
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答案我们至少可以说，“美丽”是一类词汇中的一个，而之所以从中选择它，既是为了方便，又是因为它表达了这类词的特征。
解析 本题句子结构很复杂。句子主干是The least...is..主语部分含有一个定语从句(that should be said)，用的是被动语态，而say the least是一个固定搭配，指“至少可以说”，在翻译时应当根据汉语习惯加上一个施动者。表语部分是一个多重从句。which it has been chosen...是其前a class of terms的定语从句，只是将介词from放到了连接词which前；而that it captures...是其前sense的同位语从句，其中又含有一个宾语从句what is distinctive of the class。只有把结构分析清楚了，理解才不会出现大的偏离。词汇方面， class在此指的是词汇的“类”，而captures...of the class可以意译为“表达了这一类词的特征”。
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