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  3. Instead of hiding data behind closed doors, many researchers in industry and academia alike are embracing sharing. That’s good f

Instead of hiding data behind closed doors, many researchers in industry and academia alike are embracing sharing. That’s good f

admin2022-11-01  104
问题     Instead of hiding data behind closed doors, many researchers in industry and academia alike are embracing sharing. That’s good for science. 【T1】Each year scientists at hospitals and universities around the world start hundreds of thousands of clinical studies involving millions of patient volunteers and generating vast data about the effect of new treatments for innumerable diseases.
    The trouble with this system is that more than half of the studies are never published, and they are often incomplete, selectively reporting favorable outcomes and rarely reporting relevant safety findings. 【T2】In recent years, researchers have come to recognize that encouraging the sharing of clinical research data presents an opportunity to advance medical science and improve the integrity of research.
    As a result, the culture of science has begun to shift. Scientists strip their research data of names and other information that would identify specific patients and make it available to others. 【T3】They can do it directly, when one scientist writes to another and asks for a copy of the data; or they can do it indirectly, by depositing their data on a server from which others can download and use it.
    Data sharing marks a significant departure from tradition. Scientists have often been reluctant to give away the fruits of their hard work. Many spend years planning and executing their studies, painstakingly collecting and organizing the data for analysis, and then preparing a summary report to publish. However, the advantages of data sharing are becoming so apparent that this unwillingness is beginning to evaporate.
    【T4】Sharing increases the amount of knowledge that scientists can draw from available data, without having to go through the expense and trouble of organizing new trials. For instance, scientists can re-analyze data from prior studies and use them to explore new questions concerning safety and efficacy or to draw new conclusions about specific subgroups of patients. Sometimes data from many different studies can be collected and combined for larger studies.
    Sharing can improve the integrity of scientific research by encouraging multiple examinations and interpretations of any given research database. This could help protect against faulty analyses and contribute to the verification, refinement, or refutation of prior work. Furthermore, sharing helps researchers position clinical trial data as a public good, a resource for many to use and learn from.
    【T5】Sharing can also make better use of limited scientific resources, minimizing duplication in data collection, which reduces research costs and lowers the burden on patient volunteers.
【T4】
选项
答案当一位科学家给另一位科学家写信索要数据副本时，他们可以直接提供数据；他们也可以间接提供数据，即把数据存储在服务器上，其他人可以下载并使用。
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