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  3. “Most episodes of absent—mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by

“Most episodes of absent—mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by

admin2021-11-05  18
问题   “Most episodes of absent—mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by a simple lack of attention，”says Schacter，“You’re supposed to remember something，but you haven’t encoded it deeply．”
  Encoding，Schacter explains，is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later．Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations．If you put your mobile phone in a pocket，for example，and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation，you’ll  probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe(衣柜)．“Your memory itself isn’t failing you,”says Schacter，“Rather，you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed．”
  Lack of interest can also lead to absent—mindedness．“A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago，”says Zelinski，“may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox．”Women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their environment，and memory relies on just that．
  “Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness，”says Schacter，“But be sure the cue is clear and available．"he cautions．If you want to remember to take a medication(药物)with lunch，put the piu bottle on the kitchen table-—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pockeL
  Another common episode of absent—mindedness：Walking into a room and wondering why you’re there．Most likely，you were thinking about something else．“Everyone does this from time to time，”says Zelinski．The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room，and you’ll be likely to remember．
What is the passage mainly about?(          )
选项 A、The process of gradual memory loss
B、The causes of absent—mindedness
C、The impact of the environment on memory
D、A way if encoding and recalling
答案A
解析 关键句是“John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culturein Western civil services suit those who，want to stay put but is bad for high achievers．”由此结合上下文可以推断出John Donahue对待国营部门的态度是不赞同的。
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