2. 外语
  3. Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by in

Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by in

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问题    Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict? Certainly not by the side a person supported. Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption that Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic class. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebels side, we find little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth—century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid—though recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed—that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like" the better sort." Despite these vague categories one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism.
   Having said this, however, one must add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. The" Paxton Boys" incident and the Regulator movement are representative examples of the widespread, and justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominated by eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict—which also existed between North and South—deserves further investigation.
   In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century American. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand the consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.
According to the passage, Loyalism during the American Revolutionary War served the function of _______.
选项 A、eliminating the disputes that existed among those colonists who supported the rebel cause
B、drawing upper, as opposed to lower, socioeconomic classes away from the rebel cause
C、tolerating the kinds of socioeconomic discontent that were not allowed to exist on the rebel side
D、absorbing members of socioeconomic groups on the rebel side who felt themselves in contention with members of other socioeconomic groups
答案D
解析 该题问：对本文而言，美国独立战争的保皇主义作用是什么?D项意为“吸收造反派中的社会经济阶层的成员，这些人感到自己与其它社会经济阶层有冲突”，在本文的第一段中可找到相关线索Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels意为“因此保皇主义成了一个消除存在于造反派内部的社会经济矛盾的安全阀门”。因此可判断D项为正确选项。
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