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  3. Africas When many people hear the word "Africa", inevitably they picture steaming jungles and gorillas and other wild animal

Africas When many people hear the word "Africa", inevitably they picture steaming jungles and gorillas and other wild animal

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问题                 Africas
    When many people hear the word "Africa", inevitably they picture steaming jungles and gorillas and other wild animals. Hollywood films have shrunk the public image of this immense, varied continent into a small segment of its actual diversity. To have a more accurate picture of the whole continent, however, one should remember that the continent can be roughly divided into three Africas: the northern desert areas, the southeastern grasslands, and the tropical jungles to the southwest, each with its distinct climate and terrain and with a style of life suited to the environment.
    The northern regions have the environment and living patterns of the desert. Egypt, Libya, Algeria, and Morocco have hot, dry climates with very little land suited to farming. Green fields cannot he easily seen. Therefore, the population tends to be clustered into cities along rivers or the seacoast or into smaller settlements near oases. For thousands of years, people have lived in this vast region, relying partly on what the land could offer such as crops and animals they could raise and partly on trade with Europe.
    The southeastern grasslands provide a better environment for animal life and for some kinds of crops. Many wild animals inhabit the plains in this region—elephants, giraffes, rhinoceros, antelopes, zebras, and lions. The people in this area have long been expert cattle raisers and experienced hunters. Tea, coffee, cotton, cashew nuts, and tobacco are some of the main products grown in this region. Fishing also provides some food and income for people along the coast. The population here is less concentrated in cities and towns than in the north, but tends to be denser in areas where adequate rainfall and fertile soil make farming possible.
    West Africa is the region closest to the Hollywood image of mysterious jungles. As in the other two regions, the way people make a living depends upon their environment. This does not mean that most of the people live in grass huts in the jungle. In fact, such nations as Nigeria have become highly modernized by income from oil, timber, and minerals. Most of the western countries have some farming that provides food and income; sugar cane, coffee, and tobacco are the important cash crops, while bananas, rice, arid corn are raised for food. Fishing in the rivers and along the coast also accounts for food and income, and precious stones, especially diamonds, enhance the economy of countries like Angola and the Ivory Coast.
    Even a superficial look at the major regions of Africa shows that it is a continent with varied environments. Although most of the continent is tropical in its range of temperature, the climate ranges from deserts to rain forests. Similarly, human lifestyles vary from the simplest rural villages to industrial cities, both new and ancient. Contrary to the myth, however, jungle life makes up only a very small portion of the whole of Africa.     
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选项
答案I. Introduction: three Africas with different climates, terrains and styles of life suited to the environment. A. Inaccurate public impression of Africa B. Thesis; One should rempmher that the continent can be divided into three different Africas. Ⅱ. Northern dessert regions A. A place of hot climate and little land for farming B. Population clustered into cities or near water C. People living on farming and trading with Europe III. Southeastern grasslands A. A better environment for animal life and some crops B. People living on cattle raising, hunting, crops growing, and fishing C. Denser population is areas with adequate rainfall IV. Western jungle areas A. A region close to Hollywood movie image B. Some highly modernized countries C. People living on farming and fishing V. Conclusion a continent with varied environments A. Climate ranging form deserts to rain forests B. Lifestyles varying from rural villages to industrial cities. C. Jungle life making up only a small portion
解析     这篇文章主要讲到了非洲的自然环境和不同地区不同的生活习俗。
    第一段：很多人在提到非洲的时候，都会想到热带雨林、大猩猩或其他的野兽。好莱坞的电影实际上把这个内部成分复杂的大洲缩成了很小的一部分。要想真正了解非洲，一定要知道，非洲是分为三个部分的。北部是沙漠地区，东南部是草原，西南部是热带雨林。每个地区都有不同的气候和地形，各地的生活方式也不同，而且与当地的环境相适应。
    第二段：北部地区有自己的自然条件和生活方式。又从三个方面具体讲：一是埃及等国家气候炎热、干燥，几乎没有可供农耕的土地。二是人口和城市主要沿着河流、海岸和绿洲分布。三是几千年以来，人们一方面依靠贫瘠的土地提供一些农产品，另一方面，靠和欧洲的贸易维持生计。
    第三段：东南部草原地区。也是从三个方面讲：一是东南部的草原环境有利于动植物的生长。大象、斑马等很多动物生活在这里。二是这地区的人们擅长养牛和打猎。茶、咖啡等是这个地区主要的农作物。沿海地区，渔业也创造了一定的收入。三是这地区的人们并不像北部一样集中在城市，而是集中在降雨丰富和土壤肥沃的地方。
    第四段：西部丛林区。也是从三个方面讲：一是西部非洲更像好莱坞电影中的非洲。就像其他地区一样，这个地区的人们的生活方式取决于这里的气候，但这并不意味着人们要生活在丛林中。二是讲这里的一些国家已经有很高的现代化，收入来自于石油、木材和矿产。三是多数西部国家的农业可以提供食物和收入。咖啡、烟草等是主要的经济作物，而香蕉、玉米等则是主要的食物。渔业也是一项收入。并且，对于一些国家，稀有宝石等为所有国的经济做出了重要的贡献。
    第五段：即使是从表面上看，非洲也是一个有着多种多样气候环境的大洲。气候从热带雨林到沙漠都有，尽管大部分地区是热带。相似地，人们的生活也是从原始的部落到工业城市。与神话相比，丛林生活只是整个非洲的一小部分。
    从上面的分析中，可以很容易地看出本文的结构和条理，从而写出outline。全文分为五部分。每个自然段独立成为一部分。第一部分总的讲非洲分为三个不同的区域，每个地区有不同的特点。然后在第二、三、四部分中，分别讲三个地区，每个部分也是从三个方面讲。最后一部分是总结，从三个方面点明非洲大陆的多样性。
    下面看文中的一些有用的用法：
    (1)divide into分成
    One should remember that the continent can be roughly divided into three Africas．
    应该记得，这个大洲可以被粗略地划分为三个部分。
    (2)be clustered into聚集到
    The population tends to be clustered into cities along rivers or the seacoast or into smaller settlements near oases．
    人口沿河流或海岸，或者沙漠中的绿洲分布。
    (3)be close to与……接近
    West Africa is the region closest to the Hollywood image of mysterious jungles．
    西部非洲是与好莱坞电影中的神秘丛林形象最接近的地区。
    (4)Most of the continent is tropical in its range of temperature．
    根据气温的变化幅度，这个洲的大部分地区是热带。
    (5)make up组成
    Jungle life makes up only a very small portion of the whole of Africa.
    丛林生活只是整个非洲的很小的一部分。
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