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  3. Let’s say you’re working toward a goal. Maybe it’s to cut out junk food, budget better or stop looking at your phone so much. Ch

Let’s say you’re working toward a goal. Maybe it’s to cut out junk food, budget better or stop looking at your phone so much. Ch

admin2022-02-27  92
问题     Let’s say you’re working toward a goal. Maybe it’s to cut out junk food, budget better or stop looking at your phone so much. Chances are, the first thing you think to yourself is something along the lines of, "OK, I just really need to eat more vegetables / save $10,000 / put down the damn phone after 8 p.m.
    In other words, you think willpower will help you to achieve the goal. A firm determination will get you to the finish line. But what if willpower wasn’t all that you needed? In fact, what if you didn’t actually need willpower at all? As it turns out, willpower is far from positive panacea we often see it as. It doesn’t always work. And what’s more, we often run out of it sooner rather than later.
    Often interchangeable with the term " self-control," willpower can be thought of as " mental strength or energy," explained Denise Cummins, a cognitive scientist who researches decision making and thinking. Like physical strength or energy, willpower can be built up—but it also can be depleted.
    Trying to commit to a drastic change and relying on willpower alone won’t work out, Cummins said. This helps explain why only 8％ of people keep their New Year’s resolutions. That’s because we often view it as something we don’t have much of in the first place, which sets us up for failure. One 2010 study found that working adults and college students who believed that willpower was a limited resource were more likely to give into temptation under stress.
    On top of that, willpower only works well when your motivation is high, so basically when you’re just starting out, Cummins said. But as you come across more and more temptations that work against your goals as time goes on—i. e. , the free pizza at work, a new purse or the lure of Instagram—your willpower rapidly starts to dissipate.
    Plus, temptation is literally everywhere these days. "There’s no way around the fact that as humans in today’s world, we’re constantly swimming upstream against countless distractions," explained Brad Stulberg, a researcher, wellness coach and author of " The Passion Paradox ". " There’s an ongoing attack of junk food and junk content, and if you’re constantly bending your willpower muscle against all those things, it’s going to constantly deplete. "
    The bottom line: While willpower can certainly play a helpful role in reaching a goal—at least when we’re highly motivated—it’s just not enough on its own. "Self-control" isn’t the answer. Instead, there are a few ways to "hack" yourself so you can better achieve your goals, whatever they might be.
Which of the following may be one of the reasons why only 8％ of people keep their New Year’s resolutions?
选项 A、People merely depend on their determination.
B、People only want to have a moderate transition.
C、People always make many mistakes.
D、People often work alone.
答案A
解析 细节题。根据题干中的why only 8％of people keep their New Year’s resolutions可定位至第四段第二句This helps explain…，该句由指示代词this开头，由此可知，答案相关句位于该句之前，即本段第一句。A项People merely depend on their determination.  “人们只依靠他们的决心。”与原文relying on willpower alone won’t work out“仅仅依靠意志力是无效的”表述一致，故为正确答案。B项中的moderate“适度的”与原文中的drastic“急剧的”相悖，故排除。C项中make many mistakes“犯很多错”属无中生有，原文中说的是commit to a drastic change“致力于做出急剧改变”，故排除。同理，D项是对原文relying on willpower alone won’t work out“仅仅依靠意志力是无效的”的曲解，其中work alone属拼凑内容，故排除。
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