首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures— learn to do things because certain acts lead to
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures— learn to do things because certain acts lead to
admin
2017-03-25
83
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures— learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby______.
选项
A、would make learned response when it saw the milk
B、would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C、would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D、would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
答案
C
解析
根据文中第三段的“Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure.”可知,有足够牛奶喝的婴儿尽管会拒绝牛奶,但仍会愉快地继续做学会的动作,这种迹象十分明显。据此可知,没有得到牛奶的婴儿会继续做简单的动作,C项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/kjGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,Anorwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhentheface
TherailroadAissimultaneouslystrippedthelandscapeofthenaturalresources,madevelocityoftransportandeconomyofscale
Someofmycolleagueshavebeenextremelyzealousintheirattemptstogetsmokingbannedintheoffice.
Aschildrenwestart【C1】______anaturalcuriosityabouteverythingaroundus,andduringthematurationprocessthiscuriosityc
Aschildrenwestart【C1】______anaturalcuriosityabouteverythingaroundus,andduringthematurationprocessthiscuriosityc
Hehadafeelingthatshewas______avoidinghim—thatshefaredtobealonewithhim.
SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife______forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessar
ThelastofthedinosaurslivedduringatimecalledtheCretaceousperiod.Thistimeperiodlastedfromabout135millionto65
Therearesomanybadthingsaboutwomendrivers,Idon’tknowwheretostart.IguessIwillgettheballrollingbytalkingab
Amembershipcardauthorizes_____theclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodof12months.
随机试题
律师的从业资格,首先必须满足_________条件和_________条件。其次,必须满足专业要求。
在医学心理学的主要理论学派中,"第三势力"是指
影响土地价格因素中的经济因素有()。
工程测量高程控制点间的距离一般地区应为1~3km,工业场区宜为1km,但一个测区及周围至少应有()个高程控制点。
小王是某代理记账公司提供专业服务的会计人员,其在为客户提供的下列服务中,违背会计职业道德要求的做法有()。
以融资租赁方式租入的固定资产,应由出租方计提该项固定资产折旧。()
创造性思维的核心成分是()。
广西地处我国南疆,与()为邻。
简述相邻关系的概念和特征。
Hewaspunished______heshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.
最新回复
(
0
)