首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The mid-sixties saw the start of a project that, along with other similar research, was to teach us a great deal about the chimp
The mid-sixties saw the start of a project that, along with other similar research, was to teach us a great deal about the chimp
admin
2011-02-26
57
问题
The mid-sixties saw the start of a project that, along with other similar research, was to teach us a great deal about the chimpanzee mind. This was project Washoe, conceived by Trixie and Allen Gardner. They purchased an infant chimpanzee and began to teach her the signs of ASL, the American Sign Language used by the deaf. Twenty years earlier another husband and wife team, Richard and Cathy Hayes, had tried, with an almost total lack of success, to teach a young chimp, Vikki, to talk. The Hayes’s undertaking taught us a test about the chimpanzee mind, but Vikki, although she did well in IQ tests, and was clearly an intelligent youngster, could not learn human speech. The Gardners, however, achieved spectacular success with their pupil, Washoe. Not only did she learn signs easily, but she quickly began to string them together in meaningful ways. It was clear that each sign evoked, in her mind, a mental image of the object it represented. If, for example, she was asked, in sign language, to fetch an apple, she would go and locate an apple that was out of sight in another room.
Other chimps entered the project, some starting their lives in deaf signing families before joining Washoe. And finally Washoe adopted an infant, Loulis. He came from a lab where no thought of teaching signs had ever penetrated. When he was with Washoe he was given no lessons in language acquisition--not by humans, anyway. Yet by the time" he was eight years old. he had made fifty-eight signs in their correct contexts. How did he learn them? Mostly, it seems, by imitating the behavior of Washoe and the other three signing chimps, Dar, Moja and Tam. Sometimes, though, he received tuition from Washoe herself. One day, for example, she began to swagger about bipedally, hair bristling, signing food! food! food! in great excitement. She had seen a human approaching with a bar of chocolate. Loulis, only eighteen months old, watched passively. Suddenly Washoe stopped her swaggering, went over to him, took his hand, and moulded the sign for food (fingers pointing towards mouth). Another time, in a similar context, she made the sign for chewing gum, but with her hand on his body. On a third occasion Washoe picked up a small chair, took it over to Loulis, set it down in front of him, and very distinctly made the chair sign three times, watching him closely as she did so. The two food signs became incorporated into Loulis’s vocabulary but the sign for chair did not. Obviously the priorities of a young chimp are similar to those of a human child!
Chimpanzees who have been taught a language can combine signs creatively in order to describe objects for which they have no symbol. Washoe, for example, puzzled her caretakers by asking, repeatedly, for a rock berry. Eventually it transpired that she was referring to brazil nuts which she had encountered for the first time a while before. Another language- trained chimp described a cucumber as a green banana. They can even invent signs. Lucy, as she got older, had to be put on a leash for her outings. One day, eager to set off but having no sign for leash, she signaled her wishes by holding a crooked index finger to the ring on her collar. This sign became part of her vocabulary.
From what is said in the passage we can conclude that ______.
选项
A、some animals do have intelligence to some extent
B、chimps can be taught to use human language if enough time is given
C、chimps can even geese some particular signs to express what they want
D、chimps can be as creative as human beings
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/kVBO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
ComputersalesfellduringAprilbutroseagaininMaytoexceedtheMarchsales.
Questions29-40•Readtheintroductionbelowaboutacompanytrainingprogramme.•Choosethecorrectwordtofilleachg
BUSINESSCOURSESAHospitalityandTourismManagementBMarketingResearchCProductDesignandDevelopmentDMarketingandElec
Readthearticlebelowaboutabicyclemanufacturingcompany.Foreachquestion(23-28)ontheoppositepage,choosethecorrec
Readthearticlebelowaboutabicyclemanufacturingcompany.Foreachquestion(23-28)ontheoppositepage,choosethecorrec
DearSirs,IamwritingtoyourofficetoattempttodeterminewhyIhaveencouragedsomanyobstaclestoreceivingmyproper
DearSirs,IamwritingtoyourofficetoattempttodeterminewhyIhaveencouragedsomanyobstaclestoreceivingmyproper
Theviewfromthe23rdfloorofthesleektoweronBarcelona’sAvenidaDiagonal______opaquelyassummersmogoozesacrossthe
Nailpolishismadefromcelluloselacquer,andopaquenailpolishcanbemadebyaddingtitaniumoxide.
Notuntiltheadventofhistochemistrycouldtheanatomistseethroughthemicroscopewhichcellscarryspecificenzymesorgaug
随机试题
行政处罚由违法行为发生地的省级以上地方人民政府具有行政处罚权的行政机关管辖。
我国《工程网络计划技术规程》(JGJ/T121-99)推荐常用的工程网络计划类型包括()
下列各项中,属于财务会计的记账基础的有()。
《消费者权益保护法》规定,保护消费者的合法权益是()。
导游服务的作用包括()。
王明同学成绩不好,跟夏老师关系很紧张,一天,王明悄悄在黑板上写了“夏某某是个大笨蛋!”夏老师查出后暴跳如雷,多次勒令王明当着全班同学的面向自己做深刻检讨,夏老师的行为()
在经历持续多年的补偿性增长之后,我国国防费正在逐步迈向与经济发展同步的协调性增长阶段,2013年中国新增国防费主要有四方面用途,下列说法中不正确的是()。
蓄水池有两个进水口,正常情况下,单独开甲进水口,5小时可以将蓄水池注满:单独开乙进水口,3小时可以注满。现由于出水口出现渗水,同时开甲、乙两个进水口,2小时才能注满。假定渗水速度恒定,如果单独开甲进水口,需要多少分钟才能将蓄水池注满?()
Collegestudentsaremorestressedoutthaneverbefore—atleastaccordingtothelatestfindingsofalarge,nationalsurveyth
下列关于计算机病毒的叙述中,正确的是______。
最新回复
(
0
)