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  3. If you have never seen a power plant, you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat

If you have never seen a power plant, you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat

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问题     If you have never seen a power plant, you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat is generated by the boilers or how much coal it takes to fuel the furnaces for just one day.
    During the course of a day, the boilers at one of our power plants, Morgantown, for example, can turn 24 million gallons of water into steam. That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one day. Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) uses so much coal that we have purchased two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process. And Morgantown alone can produce over 25 million kilowatthours of electricity in a single day’s operation.
    Electricity is produced by spinning large magnets inside a coil of wire within the generator. The faster we spin the magnets, the higher will be the voltage of the electricity produced. Electricity leaves a PEPCO generator at between 13,800 and 24,000 volts.
    The next step in the process occurs when electricity passes through a transformer where the voltage is stepped up to continue on its journey. A transmission wire is like a small diameter pipe. Stepping up the voltage is like increasing water pressure, thus speeding the flow of energy through the system.
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答案 如果你从未见过一座发电厂，你可能很难想象发电设备是多么复杂，锅炉能产生多么巨大的热量，而炉子每天又是需要烧多少煤。 举例说，我们的一座发电厂——摩根顿发电厂——的各台锅炉一天中就能把二千四百万加仑的水化为蒸汽。这座电厂的炉子一天之内就消耗九千九百吨煤。波多马克电力公司(PEPCO)用煤量如此巨大，以致我们专门购置了两列八十节车皮的火车以加速输送煤的过程。仅仅一座摩根顿电厂就能每天生产二千五百万千瓦小时的电。 电是靠使大型磁铁在发电机内的线圈里面转动而产生的。磁铁转速愈高，产生的电压就愈高。电流从波多马克电力公司的发电机出来时，其电压在13,800伏至24,000伏之间。 下一道程序是使电流通过一个变压器，把电压提升，并使电继续向前进。一根导线就象一根小口径的水管。把电压升高就象给水加压一样，这样一来就会使这个系统中能量的运动加快。
解析 1．If you have never seen a power plant，you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat is generated by the boilers or how much coal it takes to fuel the furnaces for just one day. 如果你从未见过一座发电厂，你可能很难想象发电设备是多么复杂，锅炉能产生多么巨大的热量，而炉子每天又是需要烧多少煤。
    [分析] 基本素质采分点与理解结构采分点。
    power plant固定词组：发电厂；the equipment根据上下文译成“发电设备”：本句中主句的谓语动词find后是形式宾语it，而真正的宾语是动词不定式to imagine…；而imagine后有三个宾语从句，翻译时要用换序译法(将真正宾语提前)、断句译法(将三个how从句断开译)，还有转态译法即本句中的被动语态译成汉语时要变成主动(how much heat is generated)。
2．During the course of a day，the boilers at one of our power plants，Morgantown，for example，can turn 24 million gallons of water into steam．举例说，我们的一座发电厂——摩根顿发电厂——的各台锅炉一天中就能把二千四百万加仑的水化为蒸汽。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    翻译中要注意措词的变换，有时需将笼统的变成具体的，形象的变成抽象的，反之亦然：本句中的the boilers就应译成具体的“各台锅炉”。
3．That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one day．Potomac Electric Power Company(PEPCO) uses so much coal that we have purchased two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process．这座电厂的炉子一天之内就消耗九千九百吨煤。波多马克电力公司(PEPCO)用煤量如此巨大，以致我们专门购置了两列八十节车皮的火车以加速输送煤的过程。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    翻译中要根据需要增减词义，使得译文语意完整；还要注意语序的调整，使得句子的指代清楚。如本句：That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one day. 中的划线部分就可译成：这座电厂的炉子……；so…that句式中要调整好语序；two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process中数词后要按汉语习惯加上量词，to facilitate the delivery process 也要说清楚是“加速输送煤的过程”。
4．  And Morgantown alone can produce over 25 million kilowatthours of electricity in a single day’s operation．仅仅一座摩根顿电厂就能每天生产二千五百万千瓦小时的电。
    [分析] 用词选词采分点。
    上面提到翻译中要根据需要增减词义，使得译文语意完整；本句中的in a single day’s operation 中的划线词在翻译中可不译出。
5．  The faster we spin the magnets，the higher will be the voltage of the electricity produced．磁铁转速愈高，产生的电压就愈高。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    本句是the faster…the higher比较级结构，可用换序译法；同时前半句中的人称代词不要译出，可使句子的表达更为客观。
6．  Electricity leaves a PEPCO generator at between 13,800 and 24,000 volts．电流从波多马克电力公司的发电机出来时，其电压在13,800伏至24,000伏之间。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    本句可用断句法翻译。当电流从……发电机输出时，其电压在13,800伏至 24,000伏之间。
7．  The next step in the process occurs when electricity passes through a transformer where the voltage is stepped up to continue on its journey．下一道程序是使电流通过一个变压器，把电压提升，并使电继续向前进。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    本句中的被动结构若直译，则不符合汉语习惯，因此将被动变主动：the voltage is stepped up把电压提升；后面的目的状语也可用断句译法来译。
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