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  3. Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judgin

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judgin

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问题     Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederic I in the thirteenth century, it may be. 【R1】______
    All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here.【R2】______Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
    Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.【R3】______Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. 【R4】______
    Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age.【R5】______At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. 【R6】______
    Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy bear".【R7】______
    But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. 【R8】______
    A. What was missing was good mothering.
    B. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
    C. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
    D. But there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.
    E. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
    F. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
    G. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
    H. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking.
【R8】
选项
答案F
解析 最后一段缺少的是结尾句。最后一段的内容主要为：对语言的掌握是需要引导的，这依靠母亲与婴儿的交流，母亲需要识别孩子咿呀学语、抓东西以及笑的信号。如果母亲对这些不敏感就会影响母婴之间的交流方式，因为婴儿得不到鼓励便只会发出一些明显的信号。这段文字的中心大意为：“对婴儿发出的各种信号要及时了解并加以回应，这会促进婴儿对语言的掌握。”句F：对儿童非语言信号的敏感性对语言掌握的成长和发展很关键，符合这一段的内容，因此选F。
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