首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects
admin
2011-01-10
71
问题
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects see positive traits as more self-descriptive than negative ones, they rate themselves more highly than they rate others, they rate themselves more highly than they are rated by others, they overestimate their contribution to team efforts, and they exaggerate their control over life events. It’s not that we consciously flatter ourselves, either. The response is more like a mindless reflex. In fact, when subjects are busy or distracted as they make self-ratings, the judgments they come up with are quicker and even more favorable.
Most people also exhibit "unrealistic optimism", a tendency to predict a uniquely bright and rosy future for themselves. College students asked to predict their own future compared to that of their classmates believed, on average, that they were more likely to graduate higher in their class, get a better job, earn a higher salary, have a happier marriage, and bear a gifted child. They also believed that they were less likely to get fired, become depressed, become involved in a car accident, or suffer from a heart attack. Many other examples illustrate this point—as when voters predict that their favored candidate will prevail and sports fans bet on their favorite teams to win.
Psychologists used to agree that an accurate perception of reality is vital to mental health. More and more, however, this view is being challenged by research on positive illusions. Are these illusions a sign of well-being or symptoms of disorder?
In 1988 two psychologists reviewed the relevant research and noticed that people who are mildly depressed or low in self-esteem have less inflated and sometimes more realistic views of themselves than do others who are better adjusted. Their self-appraisals are more likely to match appraisals of them made by neutral others, they are less likely to exaggerate their control over uncontrollable events, and they make more balanced predictions about the future. Based on these results, psychologists arrived at the provocative conclusion that when it comes to the self, positive illusions—not accurate perceptions of reality—promote health and well-being. In their words, "these illusions help make each individual’s world a warmer and more active and beneficent place in which to live." In fact, research involving people under stress—such as people with serious illnesses—shows that perceived control, optimism, and other positive beliefs are "health protective" psychological resources that help people cope with adversity.
Others are not so sure that eternal optimists are better off than hard realists. They argue that positive illusions can give rise to chronic patterns of self-destruction—as when people escape from self-awareness through the use of drugs and deny health-related problems until it s too late for treatment. In studies of interpersonal relations, people with inflated rather than realistic views of themselves were rated less favorably on certain dimensions by their own friends. In these studies, self-enhancing men were seen as assertive and ambitious, which are OK, but also as boastful, condescending, hostile, and inconsiderate. Self-enhancing women were seen as more hostile, more defensive and sensitive to criticism, more likely to overreact to minor setbacks, and less well liked by others. Consistent with these findings, other research shows that people filled with high self-esteem are more likely to lash out angrily in response to criticism, rejection, and other bruises to the ego. The result. People with inflated self-images may make a good first impression on others but they are liked less and less as time wears on.
According to paragraph 5, what is the relationship between positive illusions and the way men and women are viewed in social situations?
选项
A、Both men and women with unrealistic views of themselves are often disliked by others and seen as having negative characteristics.
B、Men who have positive illusions about themselves are considered less socially accepted than women with the same positive illusions about themselves.
C、Women with positive illusions are seen as likely to handle minor setbacks in social situations better than men are.
D、It is believed that men with positive illusions about themselves show more anger in social situations than women with positive illusions do.
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/jmcO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI中级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI中级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
Intheworldofsport,thefour-minutemile—the"dreammile"—untilrecentlywasthemostintriguinggoalremainingtothein
Allofusinresearchhavefocusedonadrugthatisso______thatitcanchangebrainchemistry.
Intheadvancedcourseofourtraining,studentsmusttakeobjectivetestsatmonthly
Sinceshedidnothavetimetoreadtheentireplaybeforeclass,shereadanoutlineoftheplotinstead.
OneoutoffivebridgesintheUnitedStatesisoutmoded.
Eventhoughthemainsourceof______exposureforamajorityofthehumanpopulationisthesun,theartificialtanningfromsun
Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommunication.Theconvenienceandefficiencyofelec
Thepossibilitiesfor______energysources,includingsolarpower,windpower,geothermalpower,waterpowerandevennuclearene
女士们,先生们,上午好!中国和马来西亚是友好近邻,两国传统友谊源远流长。中国明朝郑和七下西洋,五次到达马六甲,同当地人民友好交往和互利通商,至今传为佳话。中马建交33年来,两国经贸合作持续快速发展。中国海关统计,2006年两国贸易额达371亿
随机试题
音乐科学作为现实的大学专业,首先包括音乐的理论以及音乐历史的观点,它与音乐实践及音乐教育学的大学课程有所区别。例如,成为音乐会钢琴师的培训以及将其作为主修专业方向是音乐教师的教育途径。就此可以确定音乐科学一方面可划分为音乐史,也被称为历史音乐学;另一方面可
计算
肩关节脱位最常见的类型是
患者,男,60岁。心前区闷痛、大汗、恶心持续1小时来院就诊,经心电图检查确诊为急性心肌梗死收入院。24小时内患者最易发生的是
A.K+外流B.Ca2+内流和K+外流C.Na+内流D.Ca2+缓慢内流E.Na+和Ca2+内流
建筑基坑采用双排桩支护结构,桩径为d,则双排桩的刚架梁的高度为(),其宽度为()。
人耳对声音大小的感觉,近似地与声压呈()关系。
沉井基础下沉至设计标高后的检查项目包括()。
据一份资料统计,日本每年约有5000名老人自杀,占自杀人数的去,称得上世界“老人自杀大国”。而其中离婚男性的自杀率为有配偶者的8倍,离婚女性自杀率为有配偶者的4倍。这段话直接支持的观点是()。
根据下列材料回答问题。能够从上述资料中推出的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)