2. 考研
  3. Beginning in mid一2007，the U．S．economy began to weaken following a series of crises related to problem financial institutions．Sev

Beginning in mid一2007，the U．S．economy began to weaken following a series of crises related to problem financial institutions．Sev

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问题 Beginning in mid一2007，the U．S．economy began to weaken following a series of crises related to problem financial institutions．Several large investment banks，commercial banks．and insurance companies suffered losses due to falling real estate values and excessive financial leverage。
    As large financial institutions suffered significant losses all over the globe，credit supply reduced sharply．In December 2007，the United States fell into recession．The global economv followed．In 2008，the U．S．lost over 2．5 million jobs．By 2009，the Obama administration and government spending in an effort to jump—start consumer and business spending．Importantly．the policies were designed to raise consumer and business confidence．
    Clearly，the banking world has permanently changed．Investment banks in the traditional sense no longer exist as independent organizations．  Given excessive financial leverage，bank regulators pursued policies to reduce leverage at banks．As such，the nature of bank risk taking changed．Banks began to focus more on capital adequacy，the quality of assets，and the availability of adequate liquidity．And the financial industry again consolidated．
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答案从2007年下半年开始，随着一系列相关金融机构的财务危机，美国经济开始逐步衰退。几家大型投资银行、商业银行和保险公司蒙受的巨额损失，导致了房地产价值贬值和财务杠杠超额负荷。 由于全球大型金融机构很明显遭受了很大的损失，它们大幅减少信贷投资。2007年12月，美国陷入经济衰退。随着经济全球化，美国在2008年有250万人失业。2009年开始，奥巴马政府在刺激消费、拉动经济增长方面做出了努力。重要的是，该政策旨在提高消费者和商业信心。 显然，银行界的变化已经翻天覆地。传统意义上的投资银行，已经不能作为一个独立的机构而存在了。鉴于财务杠杆超负荷运行，金融监管机构纷纷采取政策以降低银行的杠杆率。因此，对银行风险的认识也悄悄地发生了变化。现在的银行开始更多地关注资本充足率、资产质量和其流动性。由此，金融行业再次得以巩固。
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