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  3. In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us-- the so-called fight-o

In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us-- the so-called fight-o

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问题     In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us-- the so-called fight-or-flight response. "An animal that can’t detect danger can’t stay alive. "says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元)deep in the brain known as the amygdala(扁桃棱).
    LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation    I think this charging dog wants to bite me--and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast--moving feet, just to name three.
    This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know they’re afraid. That is all LeDoux says," if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear."
    Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry. That’s not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell. "When used properly, worry is an incredible device. "he says. After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action--like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.
    Hallowell insists, though, that there’s a right way to worry. "Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan." he says. Most of us have survived a recession, so we’re familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.
    Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so it’s been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. That’s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro(抗炭疽茵的药物)and buying gas masks.
From the studies conducted by LeDoux we learn that ______
选项 A、reactions of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictable
B、memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distress
C、people’s unpleasant memories are derived from their feelings of fear
D、the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animal responses to potential danger
答案D
解析 本题考查细节，问“LeDoux研究表明了什么”。短文第二段分析了LeDoux的研究，指出了扁桃核在回应潜在危险时的功能：“The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain，…appraises a situation…” (扁桃核接受从大脑很多部位发出的信息，并对情况做出评估)。在第三段又指出“…This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals，…”即这种恐惧的机制对所有动物的生存起关键作用，此处的恐惧机制指的就是第二段提到的扁桃核的功能。因此，LeDoux的研究说明了“扁桃核在人和动物对潜在危险的反应中起着关键作用”，故选D。
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