2. 考研
  3. Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics

Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics

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问题     Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.
    The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyak, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of people function in the lives of the individuals.
    Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.
For serious study, an anthropologist______.
选项 A、is obliged to work only on those societies that have no historical relationship to each other
B、must not study his own culture
C、is not supposed to have a prejudice against any society
D、should focus on those societies which are historically related to each other
答案B
解析 文章第二段讲人类学家的有关研究。讲到人类学家研究的范围包括我们这个社会之外的其他社会，可见B项正确。还讲到研究社会的交配和繁殖规则，尽管这些规则与我们的历史文明没有关系，可见A项不对。再讲到人类学家一定会避免任何重视一种习俗、支持其他习俗的做法，不能推出他不应该歧视其他社会的说法，所以C项也不对。D项与文章意思不符。所以应该选B。
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