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  3. Surveillance is no longer the privilege of government agencies. It is privatized, decentralized—and often self-inflicted. Mobile

Surveillance is no longer the privilege of government agencies. It is privatized, decentralized—and often self-inflicted. Mobile

admin2019-08-08  2
问题    Surveillance is no longer the privilege of government agencies. It is privatized, decentralized—and often self-inflicted. Mobile phones trace where we go and with whom we communicate. Smartwatches measure heart rates and will soon start logging happiness and anger. 【F1】The resulting data are streamed over vulnerable networks to commercial servers; they may be used by advertising companies or shared on social networks.
   We are quick to blame naive users and careless software developers when personal data are compromised, but the truth is that prudent individual behaviour provides little protection from networked surveillance.
   【F2】So how can we lessen the inherent risks that "big data" pose for personal freedom, as billions of connected devices churn out personal data, and data protection by secrecy has become an illusion?
   We must remember that data protection is a means to an end, rather than a goal in itself. 【F3】We_do not protect data because the data would take harm; rather, we seek to protect the rights and well-being of individuals who might be harmed by certain uses of their data. This observation could hold the key to protecting personal freedom in a world of evaporating privacy. Finding ways to restrain harmful uses of personal data would make future data leaks and unguarded data sharing less of a threat.
   【F4】Strong anti-discrimination laws thus emerge as a cornerstone of personal freedom when data protection fails and secrecy is compromised by ubiquitous data sharing. The European Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights shows that such protection is legally and politically achievable, prohibiting discrimination by "sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation". The Canadian Human Rights Act also provides relatively broad protection. But the situation is much more fragmented in the United States, and insufficient in Japan and large parts of the developing world.
   【F5】Scientists can contribute to ensuring that the loss of privacy through technology does not result in loss of personal freedom. First, they can credibly assess current and future privacy risks of new technologies and stress the need to move beyond the unsustainable concept of data protection by secrecy. Second, they should advocate for strong legal protection against discrimination around the world. Third, they should educate, advise and monitor, to make sure that facts—not fears—dominate the political debate.
【F3】
选项
答案我们并不是因为数据会带来伤害才要保护数据；而是因为我们力图维护的个人权益，但某些数据使用行为会对个人有害。
解析 ①本句是主从复合句，包含两个原因状语从句，第二个原因状语从句又包含一个定语从句。主句是一个简单的主谓宾结构，后接because引导原因状语从句。主句中的not是否定前移，否定的并不是protect data这一行动，而是否定原因状语从句1，主句和原因状语从句1表达的意思应是：We protect data not because the data would take harm。②原因状语从句2包含一个who引导的定语从句，该定语从句修饰individuals，引导词who在从句中充当主语。从句是一个被动结构，by引导的介词结构是一个方式状语。
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