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  3. Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of scien

Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of scien

admin2010-09-10  47
问题     Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The g0al of basic research is understanding, for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula(旋涡星云) or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earth- quakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human beings come into contact with one another-the scope is staggering, but the commitment to truth is the same. If the commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness of medicine.
    Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly. The funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasize upon pure science.., tend to degrade the quality of the nations technology in the long run, rather than to improve it."
Less developed countries _______.
选项 A、spend little on research
B、realize that progress depends on basic research
C、encourage their career scientists to experiment
D、devote less than 7% of their scientific budget to basic research
答案D
解析 推理判断题。第二段第二句“For practical reasons，the sums spent on applied research in any courttry．．．and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries．”由此可知，不发达国家基础研究与应用研究的资金比例肯定小于发达国家。本段第三句后部分“the funds the U．S．Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds．”美国拨给基础研究的基金占其全部研究和发展基金的大约7%。不发达国家肯定要小于7%，故选D。
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