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  3. The American party system is a two-party system which is unlikely to become anything else. It is not just that the two-party pol

The American party system is a two-party system which is unlikely to become anything else. It is not just that the two-party pol

admin2009-03-13  62
问题     The American party system is a two-party system which is unlikely to become anything else. It is not just that the two-party polarization has the weight of tradition behind it but also that the two-party polarization is built into our constitutional and legal system. Our entire electoral arrangements, the absence of proportional representation, the exorbitant cost of political campaigns, the legal difficulties in getting on and staying on the ballot in many states-all these things work against the rise of minor parties.
    Also the single member legislative district, the division of power between the nation and the states, the method of electing a president with the winner itself, work to keep power in the hands of the two major parties. Major parties (like the Federalists and the Whigs) have broken up and been replaced as new parties have emerged in the past. But no minor party has ever gradually risen to achieve the stature of a major party, and no third party has lasted very long in any prominent capacity.
    All this is not to say that third parties do not have a function in the American system. However, their function is largely that of pressure groups, and in this respect they are a curious combination of European special-interest parties and American interest groups. They have at various times been useful in bringing to the fore the interests of neglected groups in the public at large. The Populist party of 1890’s as was a notable case in point.
    What happens characteristically, however, is that as soon as third parties begin to make their mark, one or both of the major parties appropriates enough of their principles or program to absorb the discontent on which they were flourishing. For this reason it has been said that third parties are like bees: once they have stung they must die.
选项 A、not expensive
B、fairly expensive
C、too expensive
D、too cheap
答案B
解析 词意题。原文中的信息是“work against the rise of minor parties”的多个主语中的一个，是什么样的成本会导致小的政党无法发挥作用呢?在这样的语境下，我们可以清楚的看到，应该是过高的成本，选项中只有C项符合这样的分析，为正确选项。
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