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  3. Demography is the statistical study of human populations. It can be a general science that can be applied to any kind of

Demography is the statistical study of human populations. It can be a general science that can be applied to any kind of

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问题    Demography is the statistical study of human
   populations. It can be a general science that can be applied
   to any kind of dynamic population, that is, one that changed 【S1】______
   over the time or space. It encompasses the study of the 【S2】______
   size, structure and distribution of populations, and spatial
   or temporal changes in them in response to birth, death,
   migration and ageing.
   Human demography is the most well known of discipline
   demography, and typically what people refer when using 【S3】______
   the term demography. Demographic analysis can be applied to
   whole societies or to groups defined by criterion such as 【S4】______
   education, nationality, religion and ethnicity. In academia,
   demography is often regarded as a branch of either economy 【S5】______
   or sociology. Formal demography limits its object of study
   to the measurement of population processes, when the 【S6】______
   more broad field of social demography studies also analyze
   the relationships between economic, social, cultural and
   biological processes influencing on a population. 【S7】______
   Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) is regarded as the "father of
   demography" for his economic analysis of social organization
   which produced the first scientific and theoretical work
   on population, development, and group dynamics. At the
   end of the 18th century, Thomas Malthus concluded that,
   if unchecked, populations would be subject to exponential
   growth. He feared that population growth would intend to 【S8】______
   outstrip growth in food production, leading to ever increased 【S9】______
   famine and poverty; he is seen as the intellectual father of
   ideas of overpopulation and the limits for growth. Later 【S10】______
   more sophisticated and realistic models were presented by
   Benjamin Gompertz and Verhulst.
【S9】
选项
答案increased改成increasing
解析 本题辨析分词作为名词修饰语。有一些动词的-ing分词和-ed分词都可以作为名词的修饰语，区别主要有两点。第一，-ing分词作为修饰语通常表示主动含义，-ed分词作为修饰语通常表示被动含义；第二，-ing分词作为修饰语表示进行中的动作或状态，含有未完成的含义，-ed分词作为修饰语表示完成的含义。从上下文来看，首先，increase和famine and poverty之间不存在被动的关系；第二，并不是表示完成的动作或状态，所以用increased是不合适的，应该改为现在分词increasing。
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