首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
admin
2012-01-14
83
问题
The majority of successful
senior
managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision. Rather in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality, others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least four distinct ways. First, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A second function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Third, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem not just of implementing the solution. (437 words)
What does "senior" (Line 1, Para. 1) mean?
选项
A、Old.
B、Experienced.
C、High-ranking.
D、Shrewd.
答案
C
解析
根据上下文的意思,取C“高级的”为妥。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/ii6O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Realpolicemen,bothBritainandtheUnitedStateshardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV
WhenIwasakid,Ineverknewwhatmyparents—oranyoneelse’s—didforaliving.AsfarasIcouldtell,allgrownupshadm
Ofwhathistoricandcontemporaryconcernisitthatthearchitectureprofessionhasbeen,andcontinuestobe,stronglymaledo
Thecritic’sassessmentofthebookisthatitisbeautifullywritten.
Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfroma(bureaucraticallymanagementindustrialism)inwhichmaximalproductionandcons
Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticenetworksponsoredaforumonth
Superstitionisadifficultquestion.WecannotquitesaythatsuperstitioninBritainisdead.Itshistoryisboth【76】longand
Peopleofallcountriesareexpectedto______theprinciplesoftheUnitedNationsanddefendthepeaceintheworld.
(Alargecollectionof)contemporaryphotographs,(including)sometakenbyMary(are)ondisplay(at)themuseum.
随机试题
常规高温热疗的温度范围大致为
羊毛脂做软膏基质时,有许多特点,除了
城市某单位干部区礼华退休后在郊区的老家建了一处宅院,在那里安度晚年。后来区礼华于2003年2月病逝,所建宅院由他的三个儿子区绍宽、区绍厚、区绍富继承。三兄弟在市区都有住房,就商量把郊区的宅院卖掉,龙家兄弟龙甲和龙乙愿意购买此房。于是,区家三兄弟与龙家两兄弟
在项目评估阶段,银行应着重对几种主要的或关键的原辅料的供给条件进行分析评价,评价的主要内容包括()。
【大跃进运动】辽宁大学2014年历史学专业基础真题
简述影响问题解决的心理因素。(西南大学2019年研;华东帅范大学2013研;西南大学2012研)
设F(u,v)可微,y=y(x)由方程所确定,其中f(x)是连续函数且满足关系式,又f(1)=1,求:
有如下赋值语句,结果为"大家好"的表达式是()。a="你好"b="大家"
Thomasaskedthathe______allowedtotakethecoursethissemester.
A、Stayandnegotiateormove.B、MoveclosertotheUniversityornearthesubway.C、Fightforasmallincreaseoracceptsaninc
最新回复
(
0
)