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  3. For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for

For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for

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问题     For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important, the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations (羞耻) by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives.
    I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.
    Inequality (不平等) at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on (迎面地) . Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.
    The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own—and others’—working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves—by those who make the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority has little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic (官僚的) machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.
What should we do to solve the problems in an industrial society?
选项 A、Create more working opportunities for the poor.
B、Eliminate the inequality in the working place.
C、Cancel all managing positions in a company.
D、Turn to individual employment and work at home.
答案B
解析 根据题干信息词industrial society定位到第三段第二句。由该句可知：“工业生活中出现了更加显著的问题，其中许多都是由工作中的不平等引起的挫败感而直接或间接地导致的。除非我们直面这些问题，否则，我们就不可能解决它们。”由此可见，要想解决工业社会的种种问题，需要消除工作中的不平等。故B项符合文意，为正确答案。
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