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  3. The entrepreneur, according to French economist J. B. Say," is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower an

The entrepreneur, according to French economist J. B. Say," is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower an

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问题      The entrepreneur, according to French economist J. B. Say," is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield." But Say’s definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.
     The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald’s. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast-food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.
     Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were" above" the market-driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk-takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price? conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e, g., consulting and law) to serve clients.
     Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional, many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald’s is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.
According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?
选项 A、The CEO of a big company.
B、The owner of a profitable restaurant.
C、A man who started a new kind of business but eventually failed after 5 years because of some financial problems.
D、A successful salesman.
答案C
解析 细节理解题。要想成为一个“entrepreneur”，必须具备三个条件①他必须能有利于资源的有效配置并使自己有所得②他必须是一位创业者；③他必须冒风险。答案A中的CEO，只是首席执行官，并不一定是一位创业者；B中的老板也不一定是创业者，D中的销售商也不一定是创业者。对于答案C，有人可能会提出这样的疑问，就是此人没有营利，但事实上他并不是没有营利，只是在长期的经营过程中出现了财务问题。他的创业是成功的。
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